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| Features * 80C52X2 Core (6 Clocks per Instruction) - Maximum Core Frequency 48 MHz in X1 Mode, 24 MHz in X2 Mode - Dual Data Pointer - Full-duplex Enhanced UART (EUART) - Three 16-bit Timer/Counters: T0, T1 and T2 - 256 Bytes of Scratchpad RAM 16/32-Kbyte On-chip Flash EEPROM In-System Programming through USB - Byte and Page (128 bytes) Erase and Write - 100k Write Cycles 3-KbyteFlash EEPROM for Bootloader - Byte and Page (128 bytes) Erase and Write - 100k Write Cycles 1-Kbyte EEPROM Data ( - Byte and Page (128 bytes) Erase and Write - 100k Write Cycles On-chip Expanded RAM (ERAM): 1024 Bytes Integrated Power Monitor (POR/PFD) to Supervise Internal Power Supply USB 1.1 and 2.0 Full Speed Compliant Module with Interrupt on Transfer Completion - Endpoint 0 for Control Transfers: 32-byte FIFO - 6 Programmable Endpoints with In or Out Directions and with Bulk, Interrupt or Isochronous Transfers * Endpoint 1, 2, 3: 32-byte FIFO * Endpoint 4, 5: 2 x 64-byte FIFO with Double Buffering (Ping-pong Mode) * Endpoint 6: 2 x 512-byte FIFO with Double Buffering (Ping-pong Mode) - Suspend/Resume Interrupts - Power-on Reset and USB Bus Reset - 48 MHz DPLL for Full-speed Bus Operation - USB Bus Disconnection on Microcontroller Request 5 Channels Programmable Counter Array (PCA) with 16-bit Counter, High-speed Output, Compare/Capture, PWM and Watchdog Timer Capabilities Programmable Hardware Watchdog Timer (One-time Enabled with Reset-out): 50 ms to 6s at 4 MHz Keyboard Interrupt Interface on Port P1 (8 Bits) TWI (Two Wire Interface) 400Kbit/s SPI Interface (Master/Slave Mode) 34 I/O Pins 4 Direct-drive LED Outputs with Programmable Current Sources: 2-6-10 mA Typical 4-level Priority Interrupt System (11 sources) Idle and Power-down Modes 0 to 32 MHz On-chip Oscillator with Analog PLL for 48 MHz Synthesis Industrial Temperature Range Low Voltage Range Supply: 2.7V to 3.6V (3.0V to 3.6V required for USB) Packages: SO28, PLCC52, VQFP64 * * * * * * 8-bit Flash Microcontroller with Full Speed USB Device AT89C5131A-L * * * * * * * * * * * * * Rev. 4338F-USB-08/07 Description AT89C5131A-L is a high-performance Flash version of the 80C51 single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with full speed USB functions. AT89C5131A-L features a full-speed USB module compatible with the USB specifications Version 1.1 and 2.0. This module integrates the USB transceivers with a 3.3V voltage regulator and the Serial Interface Engine (SIE) with Digital Phase Locked Loop and 48 MHz clock recovery. USB Event detection logic (Reset and Suspend/Resume) and FIFO buffers supporting the mandatory control Endpoint (EP0) and up to 6 versatile Endpoints (EP1/EP2/EP3/EP4/EP5/EP6) with minimum software overhead are also part of the USB module. AT89C5131A-L retains the features of the Atmel 80C52 with extended Flash capacity (32-Kbyte), 256 bytes of internal RAM, a 4-level interrupt system, two 16-bit timer/counters (T0/T1), a full duplex enhanced UART (EUART) and an on-chip oscillator. In addition, AT89C5131A-L has an on-chip expanded RAM of 1024 bytes (ERAM), a dual- data pointer, a 16-bit up/down Timer (T2), a Programmable Counter Array (PCA), up to 4 programmable LED current sources, a programmable hardware watchdog and a power-on reset. AT89C5131A-L has two software-selectable modes of reduced activity for further reduction in power consumption. In the idle mode the CPU is frozen while the timers, the serial ports and the interrupt system are still operating. In the power-down mode the RAM is saved, the peripheral clock is frozen, but the device has full wake-up capability through USB events or external interrupts. 2 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Block Diagram MISO MOSI VSS T2EX VDD CEX SCK AVDD SS RxD TxD ECI T2 SDA SCL (2) (2) XTAL1 XTAL2 EEPROM RAM 256x8 ERAM 1Kx8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) EUART + BRG 32Kx8 Flash 4Kx8 PCA Timer2 TWI SPI ALE PSEN CPU EA RD WR (2) (2) C51 CORE Timer 0 Timer 1 INT Ctrl Parallel I/O Ports & Ext. Bus Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Key Watch USB Board Dog Regulator VREF (2) (2) RST T0 T1 (2) (2) INT0 INT1 AVSS P1 P2 P0 P3 P4 KIN Notes: 1. Alternate function of Port 1 2. Alternate function of Port 3 3. Alternate function of Port 4 D+ D- 3 4338F-USB-08/07 Pinout Description Pinout Figure 1. AT89C5131A-L 52-pin PLCC Pinout P1.7/CEX4/KIN7/MOSI P1.5/CEX2/KIN5/MISO P1.6/CEX3/KIN6/SCK P1.1/T2EX/KIN1/SS P1.4/CEX1/KIN4 P1.3/CEX0/KIN3 P1.2/ECI/KIN2 P4.0/SCL 7 P4.1/SDA P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 XTAL2 XTAL1 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 VDD AVDD NC AVSS P3.0/RxD 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6 54 3 2 1 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 NC P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 RST P0.3/AD3 VSS PLCC52 P0.0/AD0 P1.0/T2/KIN0 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 P0.4/AD4 P3.7/RD/LED3 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 P3.6/WR/LED2 NC P3.5/T1/LED1 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 VREF NC D+ ALE DP3.2/INT0 PSEN P3.1/TxD P3.3/INT1/LED0 P3.4/T0 PLLF 4 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 EA P2.0/A8 AT89C5131A-L Figure 2. AT89C5131A-L 64-pin VQFP Pinout P4.1/SDA P4.0/SCL P1.7/CEX4/KIN7/MOSI P1.5/CEX2/KIN5/MISO P1.6/CEX3/KIN6/SCK P1.1/T2EX/KIN1/SS P1.3/CEX0/KIN3 P1.4/CEX1/KIN4 P1.2/ECI/KIN2 P1.0/T2/KIN0 P0.0/AD0 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 P2.0/A8 NC 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 NC P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 XTAL2 XTAL1 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 VDD AVDD NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 NC NC P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 RST P0.3/AD3 VSS NC VQFP64 NC P0.4/AD4 P3.7/RD/LED3 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 11 AVSS 12 NC 13 P3.0/RxD NC NC 14 15 16 P3.6/WR/LED2 34 NC 33 NC 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3132 P3.3/INT1/LED0 P3.5/T1/LED1 NC NC NC VREF NC ALE PSEN P3.1/TxD P3.2/INT0 P3.4/T0 PLLF Figure 3. AT89C5131A-L 28-pin SO Pinout P1.5/CEX2/KIN5/MISO 1 P1.6/CEX3/KIN6/SCK 2 P1.7/CEX4/KIN7/MOSI 3 P4.0/SCL 4 P4.1/SDA 5 XTAL2 6 XTAL1 7 VDD 8 AVSS 9 P3.0/RxD 10 11 PLLF D- 12 D+ VREF EA D- D+ 28 27 26 25 P1.4/CEX1/KIN4 P1.3/CEX0/KIN3 P1.2/ECI/KIN2 P1.1/T2EX/KIN1/SS P1.0/T2/KIN0 RST VSS SO28 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 P3.7/RD/LED3 P3.6/WR/LED2 P3.5/T1/LED1 P3.4/T0 P3.3/INT1/LED0 P3.2/INT0 P3.1/TxD 13 14 5 4338F-USB-08/07 Signals All the AT89C5131A-L signals are detailed by functionality on Table 1 through Table 12. Table 1. Keypad Interface Signal Description Signal Name Type Description Keypad Input Lines Holding one of these pins high or low for 24 oscillator periods triggers a keypad interrupt if enabled. Held line is reported in the KBCON register. Alternate Function KIN[7:0) I P1[7:0] Table 2. Programmable Counter Array Signal Description Signal Name ECI Type I Description External Clock Input Capture External Input CEX[4:0] I/O Compare External Output Alternate Function P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 Table 3. Serial I/O Signal Description Signal Name RxD Type I Description Serial Input The serial input for Extended UART. Serial Output The serial output for Extended UART. Alternate Function P3.0 TxD O P3.1 Table 4. Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2 Signal Description Signal Name Type Description Timer 0 Gate Input INT0 serves as external run control for timer 0, when selected by GATE0 bit in TCON register. INT0 I External Interrupt 0 INT0 input set IE0 in the TCON register. If bit IT0 in this register is set, bits IE0 are set by a falling edge on INT0. If bit IT0 is cleared, bits IE0 is set by a low level on INT0. Timer 1 Gate Input INT1 serves as external run control for Timer 1, when selected by GATE1 bit in TCON register. INT1 I External Interrupt 1 INT1 input set IE1 in the TCON register. If bit IT1 in this register is set, bits IE1 are set by a falling edge on INT1. If bit IT1 is cleared, bits IE1 is set by a low level on INT1. P3.3 P3.2 Alternate Function 6 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 4. Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2 Signal Description (Continued) Signal Name Type Description Timer Counter 0 External Clock Input When Timer 0 operates as a counter, a falling edge on the T0 pin increments the count. Timer/Counter 1 External Clock Input When Timer 1 operates as a counter, a falling edge on the T1 pin increments the count. Timer/Counter 2 External Clock Input Timer/Counter 2 Clock Output Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture/Direction Control Input Alternate Function T0 I P3.4 T1 I P3.5 T2 T2EX I O I P1.0 P1.1 Table 5. LED Signal Description Signal Name Type Description Direct Drive LED Output These pins can be directly connected to the Cathode of standard LEDs without external current limiting resistors. The typical current of each output can be programmed by software to 2, 6 or 10 mA. Several outputs can be connected together to get higher drive capabilities. Alternate Function P3.3 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 LED[3:0] O Table 6. TWI Signal Description Signal Name Type Description SCL: TWI Serial Clock SCL output the serial clock to slave peripherals. SCL input the serial clock from master. SDA: TWI Serial Data SCL is the bidirectional TWI data line. Alternate Function SCL I/O P4.0 SDA I/O P4.1 Table 7. SPI Signal Description Signal Name SS Type I/O Description SS: SPI Slave Select MISO: SPI Master Input Slave Output line MISO I/O When SPI is in master mode, MISO receives data from the slave peripheral. When SPI is in slave mode, MISO outputs data to the master controller. SCK: SPI Serial Clock SCK outputs clock to the slave peripheral or receive clock from the master MOSI: SPI Master Output Slave Input line When SPI is in master mode, MOSI outputs data to the slave peripheral. When SPI is in slave mode, MOSI receives data from the master controller P1.7 P1.5 Alternate Function P1.1 SCK I/O P1.6 MOSI I/O 7 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 8. Ports Signal Description Signal Name Type Description Port 0 P0 is an 8-bit open-drain bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float and can be used as high impedance inputs. To avoid any parasitic current consumption, Floating P0 inputs must be pulled to VDD or VSS. Alternate Function P0[7:0] I/O AD[7:0] P1[7:0] I/O Port 1 P1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. KIN[7:0] T2 T2EX ECI CEX[4:0] P2[7:0] I/O Port 2 P2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. A[15:8] LED[3:0] RxD TxD P3[7:0] I/O Port 3 P3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD SCL SDA P4[1:0] I/O Port 4 P4 is an 2-bit open port. Table 9. Clock Signal Description Signal Name Type Description Input to the on-chip inverting oscillator amplifier To use the internal oscillator, a crystal/resonator circuit is connected to this pin. If an external oscillator is used, its output is connected to this pin. Output of the on-chip inverting oscillator amplifier To use the internal oscillator, a crystal/resonator circuit is connected to this pin. If an external oscillator is used, leave XTAL2 unconnected. PLL Low Pass Filter input Receives the RC network of the PLL low pass filter (See Figure 4 on page 11 ). Alternate Function XTAL1 I - XTAL2 O - PLLF I - 8 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 10. USB Signal Description Signal Name D+ Type I/O Description USB Data + signal Set to high level under reset. USB Data - signal Set to low level under reset. USB Reference Voltage Connect this pin to D+ using a 1.5 k resistor to use the Detach function. Alternate Function - D- I/O - VREF O - Table 11. System Signal Description Signal Name AD[7:0] Type I/O Description Multiplexed Address/Data LSB for external access Data LSB for Slave port access (used for 8-bit and 16-bit modes) Address Bus MSB for external access Data MSB for Slave port access (used for 16-bit mode only) Read Signal Read signal asserted during external data memory read operation. Control input for slave port read access cycles. Write Signal Write signal asserted during external data memory write operation. Control input for slave write access cycles. Reset Holding this pin low for 64 oscillator periods while the oscillator is running resets the device. The Port pins are driven to their reset conditions when a voltage lower than VIL is applied, whether or not the oscillator is running. This pin has an internal pull-up resistor which allows the device to be reset by connecting a capacitor between this pin and VSS. Asserting RST when the chip is in Idle mode or Power-down mode returns the chip to normal operation. This pin is set to 0 for at least 12 oscillator periods when an internal reset occurs (hardware watchdog or Power monitor). Address Latch Enable Output The falling edge of ALE strobes the address into external latch. This signal is active only when reading or writing external memory using MOVX instructions. Program Strobe Enable / Hardware conditions Input for ISP PSEN O Used as input under reset to detect external hardware conditions of ISP mode External Access Enable EA I This pin must be held low to force the device to fetch code from external program memory starting at address 0000h. It is latched during reset and cannot be dynamically changed during operation. Alternate Function P0[7:0] A[15:8] I/O P2[7:0] RD I/O P3.7 WR I/O P3.6 RST I/O - ALE O - 9 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 12. Power Signal Description Signal Name AVSS Type GND Description Alternate Ground AVSS is used to supply the on-chip PLL and the USB PAD. Alternate Supply Voltage AVDD is used to supply the on-chip PLL and the USB PAD. Digital Ground VSS is used to supply the buffer ring and the digital core. Digital Supply Voltage VDD is used to supply the buffer ring on all versions of the device. It is also used to power the on-chip voltage regulator of the Standard versions or the digital core of the Low Power versions. USB pull-up Controlled Output VREF O VREF is used to control the USB D+ 1.5 k pull up. The Vref output is in high impedance when the bit DETACH is set in the USBCON register. Alternate Function - AVDD PWR - VSS GND - VDD PWR - 10 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Typical Application Recommended External components All the external components described in the figure below must be implemented as close as possible from the microcontroller package. The following figure represents the typical wiring schematic. Figure 4. Typical Application VDD 100nF VSS 4.7F VSS VSS 100nF VDD AVDD USB VBUS D+ DGND VSS 1.5K VRef AT89C5131A-L 27R 27R D+ XTAL1 DQ 22pF 22pF XTAL2 VSS PLLF 2.2nF 100R 10nF VSS VSS VSS VSS AVSS 11 4338F-USB-08/07 PCB Recommandations Figure 5. USB Pads Components must be close to the microcontroller Wires must be routed in Parallel and must be as short as possible VRef D+ DUSB Connector If possible, isolate D+ and D- signals from other signals with ground wires Figure 6. USB PLL AVss PLLF Components must be C1 microcontroller Isolate filter components with a ground wire 12 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 R C2 close to the AT89C5131A-L Clock Controller Introduction The AT89C5131A-L clock controller is based on an on-chip oscillator feeding an on-chip Phase Lock Loop (PLL). All the internal clocks to the peripherals and CPU core are generated by this controller. The AT89C5131A-L X1 and X2 pins are the input and the output of a single-stage onchip inverter (see Figure 7) that can be configured with off-chip components as a Pierce oscillator (see Figure 8). Value of capacitors and crystal characteristics are detailed in the section "DC Characteristics". The X1 pin can also be used as input for an external 48 MHz clock. The clock controller outputs three different clocks as shown in Figure 7: * * * a clock for the CPU core a clock for the peripherals which is used to generate the Timers, PCA, WD, and Port sampling clocks a clock for the USB controller These clocks are enabled or disabled depending on the power reduction mode as detailed in Section "Power Management", page 152. Figure 7. Oscillator Block Diagram /2 0 1 Peripheral Clock CPU Core Clock X2 CKCON.0 IDL PCON.0 X1 PLL 0 1 USB Clock X2 EXT48 PLLCON.2 PD PCON.1 Oscillator Two clock sources are available for CPU: * * Crystal oscillator on X1 and X2 pins: Up to 32 MHz External 48 MHz clock on X1 pin In order to optimize the power consumption, the oscillator inverter is inactive when the PLL output is not selected for the USB device. 13 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 8. Crystal Connection X1 C1 Q C2 VSS X2 PLL PLL Description The AT89C5131A-L PLL is used to generate internal high frequency clock (the USB Clock) synchronized with an external low-frequency (the Peripheral Clock). The PLL clock is used to generate the USB interface clock. Figure 9 shows the internal structure of the PLL. The PFLD block is the Phase Frequency Comparator and Lock Detector. This block makes the comparison between the reference clock coming from the N divider and the reverse clock coming from the R divider and generates some pulses on the Up or Down signal depending on the edge position of the reverse clock. The PLLEN bit in PLLCON register is used to enable the clock generation. When the PLL is locked, the bit PLOCK in PLLCON register (see Figure 9) is set. The CHP block is the Charge Pump that generates the voltage reference for the VCO by injecting or extracting charges from the external filter connected on PLLF pin (see Figure 10). Value of the filter components are detailed in the Section "DC Characteristics". The VCO block is the Voltage Controlled Oscillator controlled by the voltage VREF produced by the charge pump. It generates a square wave signal: the PLL clock. Figure 9. PLL Block Diagram and Symbol PLLCON.1 PLLF PLLEN N divider OSC CLOCK N3:0 Up PFLD Down PLOCK PLLCON.0 CHP Vref VCO USB Clock R divider R3:0 USB CLOCK OSCclk x ( R + 1 ) USBclk = ---------------------------------------------N+1 Figure 10. PLL Filter Connection PLLF R C1 VSS VSS USB Clock Symbol C2 The typical values are: R = 100 , C1 = 10 nf, C2 = 2.2 nF. 14 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L PLL Programming The PLL is programmed using the flow shown in Figure 11. As soon as clock generation is enabled user must wait until the lock indicator is set to ensure the clock output is stable. Figure 11. PLL Programming Flow PLL Programming Configure Dividers N3:0 = xxxxb R3:0 = xxxxb Enable PLL PLLEN = 1 PLL Locked? LOCK = 1? Divider Values To generate a 48 MHz clock using the PLL, the divider values have to be configured following the oscillator frequency. The typical divider values are shown in Table 13. Table 13. Typical Divider Values Oscillator Frequency 3 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 12 MHz 16 MHz 18 MHz 20 MHz 24 MHz 32 MHz 40 MHz R+1 16 8 6 4 3 8 12 2 3 12 N+1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 1 2 10 PLLDIV F0h 70h 50h 30h 20h 72h B4h 10h 21h B9h 15 4338F-USB-08/07 Registers Table 14. CKCON0 (S:8Fh) Clock Control Register 0 7 TWIX2 6 WDX2 5 PCAX2 4 SIX2 3 T2X2 2 T1X2 1 T0X2 0 X2 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description TWI Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Watchdog Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Programmable Counter Array Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Enhanced UART Clock (Mode 0 and 2) This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Timer2 Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Timer1 Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Timer0 Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. System Clock Control bit Clear to select 12 clock periods per machine cycle (STD mode, FCPU = FPER = FOSC/2). Set to select 6 clock periods per machine cycle (X2 mode, FCPU = FPER = FOSC). 7 TWIX2 6 WDX2 5 PCAX2 4 SIX2 3 T2X2 2 T1X2 1 T0X2 0 X2 Reset Value = 0000 0000b 16 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 15. CKCON1 (S:AFh) Clock Control Register 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPIX2 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7-1 Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. SPI Clock This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set. When X2 is low, this bit has no effect. Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle. 0 SPIX2 Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 16. PLLCON (S:A3h) PLL Control Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 EXT48 1 PLLEN 0 PLOCK Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7-3 Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. External 48 MHz Enable Bit Set this bit to bypass the PLL and disable the crystal oscillator. Clear this bit to select the PLL output as USB clock and to enable the crystal oscillator. PLL Enable Bit Set to enable the PLL. Clear to disable the PLL. PLL Lock Indicator Set by hardware when PLL is locked. Clear by hardware when PLL is unlocked. 2 EXT48 1 PLLEN 0 PLOCK Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 17. PLLDIV (S:A4h) PLL Divider Register 7 R3 6 R2 5 R1 4 R0 3 N3 2 N2 1 N1 0 N0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7-4 3-0 R3:0 N3:0 PLL R Divider Bits PLL N Divider Bits Reset Value = 0000 0000 17 4338F-USB-08/07 SFR Mapping The Special Function Registers (SFRs) of the AT89C5131A-L fall into the following categories: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * C51 core registers: ACC, B, DPH, DPL, PSW, SP I/O port registers: P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 Timer registers: T2CON, T2MOD, TCON, TH0, TH1, TH2, TMOD, TL0, TL1, TL2, RCAP2L, RCAP2H Serial I/O port registers: SADDR, SADEN, SBUF, SCON PCA (Programmable Counter Array) registers: CCON, CMOD, CCAPMx, CL, CH, CCAPxH, CCAPxL (x: 0 to 4) Power and clock control registers: PCON Hardware Watchdog Timer registers: WDTRST, WDTPRG Interrupt system registers: IEN0, IPL0, IPH0, IEN1, IPL1, IPH1 Keyboard Interface registers: KBE, KBF, KBLS LED register: LEDCON Two Wire Interface (TWI) registers: SSCON, SSCS, SSDAT, SSADR Serial Port Interface (SPI) registers: SPCON, SPSTA, SPDAT USB registers: Uxxx (17 registers) PLL registers: PLLCON, PLLDIV BRG (Baud Rate Generator) registers: BRL, BDRCON Flash register: FCON (FCON access is reserved for the Flash API and ISP software) EEPROM register: EECON Others: AUXR, AUXR1, CKCON0, CKCON1 18 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L The table below shows all SFRs with their address and their reset value. Table 18. SFR Descriptions Bit Addressable 0/8 F8h UEPINT 0000 0000 B 0000 0000 1/9 CH 0000 0000 LEDCON 0000 0000 CL 0000 0000 ACC 0000 0000 CCON 00X0 0000 PSW 0000 0000 T2CON 0000 0000 P4 XXXX 1111 IPL0 X000 000 P3 1111 1111 IEN0 0000 0000 P2 1111 1111 SCON 0000 0000 P1 1111 1111 TCON 0000 0000 P0 1111 1111 0/8 TMOD 0000 0000 SP 0000 0111 1/9 TL0 0000 0000 DPL 0000 0000 2/A SBUF XXXX XXXX SADEN 0000 0000 IEN1 X0XX X000 SADDR 0000 0000 AUXR1 XXXX X0X0 BRL 0000 0000 PLLCON XXXX XX00 BDRCON XXX0 0000 SSCON 0000 0000 TL1 0000 0000 DPH 0000 0000 3/B 4/C 5/D 6/E PLLDIV 0000 0000 KBLS 0000 0000 SSCS 1111 1000 TH0 0000 0000 KBE 0000 0000 SSDAT 1111 1111 TH1 0000 0000 WDTRST XXXX XXXX KBF 0000 0000 SSADR 1111 1110 AUXR XX0X 0000 CKCON0 0000 0000 PCON 00X1 0000 7/F CMOD 00XX X000 FCON (1) XXXX 0000 T2MOD XXXX XX00 CCAP0L XXXX XXXX UBYCTLX 0000 0000 CCAPM0 X000 0000 EECON XXXX XX00 RCAP2L 0000 0000 UEPIEN 0000 0000 UFNUML 0000 0000 IPL1 X0XX X000 RCAP2H 0000 0000 SPCON 0001 0100 UFNUMH 0000 0000 IPH1 X0XX X000 CCAP1L XXXX XXXX UBYCTHX 0000 0000 CCAPM1 X000 0000 CCAPM2 X000 0000 UEPCONX 1000 0000 TL2 0000 0000 SPSTA 0000 0000 USBCON 0000 0000 CCAPM3 X000 0000 UEPRST 0000 0000 TH2 0000 0000 SPDAT XXXX XXXX USBINT 0000 0000 UEPSTAX 0000 0000 USBADDR 1000 0000 USBIEN 0000 0000 IPH0 X000 0000 CKCON1 0000 0000 WDTPRG XXXX X000 UEPDATX 0000 0000 UEPNUM 0000 0000 CCAPM4 X000 0000 CCAP2L XXXX XXXX CCAP3L XXXX XXXX CCAP4L XXXX XXXX 2/A CCAP0H XXXX XXXX 3/B CCAP1H XXXX XXXX Non-Bit Addressable 4/C CCAP2H XXXX XXXX 5/D CCAP3H XXXX XXXX 6/E CCAP4H XXXX XXXX 7/F FFh F0h F7h E8h EFh E0h E7h D8h DFh D0h D7h C8h CFh C0h C7h B8h BFh B0h B7h A8h AFh A0h A7h 98h 9Fh 90h 97h 88h 8Fh 80h 87h Note: 1. FCON access is reserved for the Flash API and ISP software. Reserved 19 4338F-USB-08/07 The Special Function Registers (SFRs) of the AT89C5131 fall into the following categories: Table 19. C51 Core SFRs Mnemonic ACC B PSW Add E0h F0h D0h Name Accumulator B Register Program Status Word Stack Pointer LSB of SPX Data Pointer Low byte LSB of DPTR Data Pointer High byte MSB of DPTR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SP 81h DPL 82h DPH 83h Table 20. I/O Port SFRs Mnemonic P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 Add 80h 90h A0h B0h C0h Name Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 (2bits) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 20 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 21. Timer SFR's Mnemonic TH0 TL0 TH1 TL1 TH2 TL2 TCON Add 8Ch 8Ah 8Dh 8Bh CDh CCh 88h Name Timer/Counter 0 High byte Timer/Counter 0 Low byte Timer/Counter 1 High byte Timer/Counter 1 Low byte Timer/Counter 2 High byte Timer/Counter 2 Low byte Timer/Counter 0 and 1 control Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Modes Timer/Counter 2 control Timer/Counter 2 Mode Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture High byte Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture Low byte WatchDog Timer Reset WatchDog Timer Program S2 S1 S0 TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TMOD T2CON T2MOD RCAP2H 89h C8h C9h CBh GATE1 TF2 C/T1# EXF2 M11 RCLK M01 TCLK GATE0 EXEN2 C/T0# TR2 M10 C/T2# T2OE M00 CP/RL2# DCEN RCAP2L WDTRST WDTPRG CAh A6h A7h Table 22. Serial I/O Port SFR's Mnemonic SCON SBUF SADEN SADDR Add 98h 99h B9h A9h Name Serial Control Serial Data Buffer Slave Address Mask Slave Address 7 FE/SM0 6 SM1 5 SM2 4 REN 3 TB8 2 RB8 1 TI 0 RI Table 23. Baud Rate Generator SFR's Mnemonic BRL BDRCON Add 9Ah 9Bh Name Baud Rate Reload Baud Rate Control BRR TBCK RBCK SPD SRC 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 21 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 24. PCA SFR's Mnemonic Add CCON CMOD CL CH CCAPM0 CCAPM1 CCAPM2 CCAPM3 CCAPM4 CCAP0H CCAP1H CCAP2H CCAP3H CCAP4H CCAP0L CCAP1L CCAP2L CCAP3L CCAP4L D8h D9h E9h F9h DAh DBh DCh DDh DEh FAh FBh FCh FDh FEh EAh EBh ECh EDh EEh Name PCA Timer/Counter Control PCA Timer/Counter Mode PCA Timer/Counter Low byte PCA Timer/Counter High byte PCA Timer/Counter Mode 0 PCA Timer/Counter Mode 1 PCA Timer/Counter Mode 2 PCA Timer/Counter Mode 3 PCA Timer/Counter Mode 4 PCA Compare Capture Module 0 H PCA Compare Capture Module 1 H PCA Compare Capture Module 2 H PCA Compare Capture Module 3 H PCA Compare Capture Module 4 H PCA Compare Capture Module 0 L PCA Compare Capture Module 1 L PCA Compare Capture Module 2 L PCA Compare Capture Module 3 L PCA Compare Capture Module 4 L 7 CF CIDL 6 CR WDTE 5 4 CCF4 3 CCF3 2 CCF2 CPS1 1 CCF1 CPS0 0 CCF0 ECF ECOM0 ECOM1 ECOM2 ECOM3 ECOM4 CCAP0H7 CCAP1H7 CCAP2H7 CCAP3H7 CCAP4H7 CCAP0L7 CCAP1L7 CCAP2L7 CCAP3L7 CCAP4L7 CCAP0H6 CCAP1H6 CCAP2H6 CCAP3H6 CCAP4H6 CCAP0L6 CCAP1L6 CCAP2L6 CCAP3L6 CCAP4L6 CAPP0 CAPP1 CAPP2 CAPP3 CAPP4 CCAP0H5 CCAP1H5 CCAP2H5 CCAP3H5 CCAP4H5 CCAP0L5 CCAP1L5 CCAP2L5 CCAP3L5 CCAP4L5 CAPN0 CAPN1 CAPN2 CAPN3 CAPN4 CCAP0H4 CCAP1H4 CCAP2H4 CCAP3H4 CCAP4H4 CCAP0L4 CCAP1L4 CCAP2L4 CCAP3L4 CCAP4L4 MAT0 MAT1 MAT2 MAT3 MAT4 CCAP0H3 CCAP1H3 CCAP2H3 CCAP3H3 CCAP4H3 CCAP0L3 CCAP1L3 CCAP2L3 CCAP3L3 CCAP4L3 TOG0 TOG1 TOG2 TOG3 TOG4 CCAP0H2 CCAP1H2 CCAP2H2 CCAP3H2 CCAP4H2 CCAP0L2 CCAP1L2 CCAP2L2 CCAP3L2 CCAP4L2 PWM0 PWM1 PWM2 PWM3 PWM4 CCAP0H1 CCAP1H1 CCAP2H1 CCAP3H1 CCAP4H1 CCAP0L1 CCAP1L1 CCAP2L1 CCAP3L1 CCAP4L1 ECCF0 ECCF1 ECCF2 ECCF3 ECCF4 CCAP0H0 CCAP1H0 CCAP2H0 CCAP3H0 CCAP4H0 CCAP0L0 CCAP1L0 CCAP2L0 CCAP3L0 CCAP4L0 Table 25. Interrupt SFR's Mnemonic Add IEN0 IEN1 IPL0 IPH0 IPL1 IPH1 A8h B1h B8h B7h B2h B3h Name Interrupt Enable Control 0 Interrupt Enable Control 1 Interrupt Priority Control Low 0 Interrupt Priority Control High 0 Interrupt Priority Control Low 1 Interrupt Priority Control High 1 7 EA 6 EC EUSB PPCL PPCH PUSBL PUSBH PT2L PT2H PSL PSH PT1L PT1H 5 ET2 4 ES 3 ET1 2 EX1 ESPI PX1L PX1H PSPIL PSPIH 1 ET0 ETWI PT0L PT0H PTWIL PTWIH 0 EX0 EKB PX0L PX0H PKBL PKBH Table 26. PLL SFRs Mnemonic PLLCON PLLDIV Add A3h A4h Name PLL Control PLL Divider R3 R2 R1 R0 N3 7 6 5 4 3 2 EXT48 N2 1 PLLEN N1 0 PLOCK N0 22 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 27. Keyboard SFRs Mnemonic KBF Add 9Eh Name Keyboard Flag Register Keyboard Input Enable Register Keyboard Level Selector Register 7 KBF7 6 KBF6 5 KBF5 4 KBF4 3 KBF3 2 KBF2 1 KBF1 0 KBF0 KBE 9Dh KBE7 KBE6 KBE5 KBE4 KBE3 KBE2 KBE1 KBE0 KBLS 9Ch KBLS7 KBLS6 KBLS5 KBLS4 KBLS3 KBLS2 KBLS1 KBLS0 Table 28. TWI SFRs Mnemonic SSCON Add 93h Name Synchronous Serial Control Synchronous Serial Control-Status Synchronous Serial Data Synchronous Serial Address 7 CR2 6 SSIE 5 STA 4 STO 3 SI 2 AA 1 CR1 0 CR0 SSCS 94h SC4 SC3 SC2 SC1 SC0 - - - SSDAT 95h SD7 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 SD2 SD1 SD0 SSADR 96h A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Table 29. SPI SFRs Mnemonic SPCON Add C3h Name Serial Peripheral Control Serial Peripheral Status-Control Serial Peripheral Data 7 SPR2 6 SPEN 5 SSDIS 4 MSTR 3 CPOL 2 CPHA 1 SPR1 0 SPR0 SPSTA SPDAT C4h C5h SPIF R7 WCOL R6 SSERR R5 MODF R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 Table 30. USB SFR's Mnemonic USBCON USBADDR USBINT USBIEN UEPNUM UEPCONX UEPSTAX UEPRST UEPINT Add BCh C6h BDh BEh C7h D4h CEh D5h F8h Name USB Global Control USB Address USB Global Interrupt USB Global Interrupt Enable USB Endpoint Number USB Endpoint X Control USB Endpoint X Status USB Endpoint Reset USB Endpoint Interrupt 7 USBE FEN EPEN DIR - 6 SUSPCLK UADD6 RXOUTB1 EP6RST EP6INT 5 SDRMWUP UADD5 WUPCPU EWUPCPU STALLRQ EP5RST EP5INT 4 DETACH UADD4 EORINT EEORINT TXRDY EP4RST EP4INT 3 UPRSM UADD3 SOFINT ESOFINT EPNUM3 DTGL STLCRC EP3RST EP3INT 2 RMWUPE UADD2 EPNUM2 EPDIR RXSETUP EP2RST EP2INT 1 CONFG UADD1 EPNUM1 EPTYPE1 RXOUTB0 EP1RST EP1INT 0 FADDEN UADD0 SPINT ESPINT EPNUM0 EPTYPE0 TXCMP EP0RST EP0INT 23 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 30. USB SFR's Mnemonic UEPIEN UEPDATX UBYCTLX Add C2h CFh E2h Name USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable USB Endpoint X FIFO Data USB Byte Counter Low (EP X) USB Byte Counter High (EP X) USB Frame Number Low USB Frame Number High 7 FDAT7 BYCT7 6 EP6INTE FDAT6 BYCT6 5 EP5INTE FDAT5 BYCT5 4 EP4INTE FDAT4 BYCT4 3 EP3INTE FDAT3 BYCT3 2 EP2INTE FDAT2 BYCT2 1 EP1INTE FDAT1 BYCT1 0 EP0INTE FDAT0 BYCT0 UBYCTHX UFNUML UFNUMH E3h BAh BBh FNUM7 - FNUM6 - FNUM5 CRCOK FNUM4 CRCERR FNUM3 - BYCT10 FNUM2 FNUM10 BYCT9 FNUM1 FNUM9 BYCT8 FNUM0 FNUM8 Table 31. Other SFR's Mnemonic PCON AUXR AUXR1 CKCON0 CKCON1 LEDCON FCON EECON Add 87h 8Eh A2h 8Fh AFh F1h D1h D2h Name Power Control Auxiliary Register 0 Auxiliary Register 1 Clock Control 0 Clock Control 1 LED Control Flash Control EEPROM Contol FPL3 EEPL3 7 SMOD1 DPU TWIX2 LED3 FPL2 EEPL2 FPL1 EEPL1 6 SMOD0 WDX2 5 M0 ENBOOT PCAX2 LED2 FPL0 EEPL0 FPS 4 POF SIX2 3 GF1 XRS1 GF3 T2X2 LED1 FMOD1 2 GF0 XRS2 T1X2 1 PD EXTRAM T0X2 LED0 FMOD0 EEE FBUSY EEBUSY 0 IDL A0 DPS X2 SPIX2 24 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Dual Data Pointer Register The additional data pointer can be used to speed up code execution and reduce code size. The dual DPTR structure is a way by which the chip will specify the address of an external data memory location. There are two 16-bit DPTR registers that address the external memory, and a single bit called DPS = AUXR1.0 (see Table 32) that allows the program code to switch between them (see Figure 12). Figure 12. Use of Dual Pointer External Data Memory 7 0 DPS DPTR1 DPTR0 AUXR1(A2H) DPH(83H) DPL(82H) Table 32. AUXR1 Register AUXR1- Auxiliary Register 1(0A2h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Enable Boot Flash Cleared to disable boot ROM. Set to map the boot ROM between F800h - 0FFFFh. 4 3 2 1 GF3 0 Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. This bit is a general-purpose user flag. Always cleared. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Data Pointer Selection Cleared to select DPTR0. Set to select DPTR1. 5 ENBOOT 4 3 GF3 2 0 1 0 DPS 6 - 5 ENBOOT 0 DPS Reset Value = XX[BLJB]X X0X0b Not bit addressable a. Bit 2 stuck at 0; this allows to use INC AUXR1 to toggle DPS without changing GF3. 25 4338F-USB-08/07 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE ; Block move using dual data pointers ; Modifies DPTR0, DPTR1, A and PSW ; note: DPS exits opposite of entry state ; unless an extra INC AUXR1 is added ; 00A2 AUXR1 EQU 0A2H ; 0000 909000MOV DPTR,#SOURCE ; address of SOURCE 0003 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers 0005 90A000 MOV DPTR,#DEST ; address of DEST 0008 LOOP: 0008 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers 000A E0 MOVX A,@DPTR ; get a byte from SOURCE 000B A3 INC DPTR ; increment SOURCE address 000C 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers 000E F0 MOVX @DPTR,A ; write the byte to DEST 000F A3 INC DPTR ; increment DEST address 0010 70F6JNZ LOOP ; check for 0 terminator 0012 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; (optional) restore DPS INC is a short (2 bytes) and fast (12 clocks) way to manipulate the DPS bit in the AUXR1 SFR. However, note that the INC instruction does not directly force the DPS bit to a particular state, but simply toggles it. In simple routines, such as the block move example, only the fact that DPS is toggled in the proper sequence matters, not its actual value. In other words, the block move routine works the same whether DPS is '0' or '1' on entry. Observe that without the last instruction (INC AUXR1), the routine will exit with DPS in the opposite state. 26 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Program/Code Memory The AT89C5131A-L implement 32 Kbytes of on-chip program/code memory. Figure 13 shows the split of internal and external program/code memory spaces depending on the product. The Flash memory increases EPROM and ROM functionality by in-circuit electrical erasure and programming. Thanks to the internal charge pump, the high voltage needed for programming or erasing Flash cells is generated on-chip using the standard VDD voltage. Thus, the Flash Memory can be programmed using only one voltage and allows Inapplication Software Programming commonly known as IAP. Hardware programming mode is also available using specific programming tool. Figure 13. Program/Code Memory Organization FFFFh 32 Kbytes External Code 8000h 7FFFh 32 Kbytes Flash 0000h AT89C5131A-L Note: If the program executes exclusively from on-chip code memory (not from external memory), beware of executing code from the upper byte of on-chip memory (7FFFh) and thereby disrupting I/O Ports 0 and 2 due to external prefetch. Fetching code constant from this location does not affect Ports 0 and 2. External Code Memory Access Memory Interface The external memory interface comprises the external bus (Port 0 and Port 2) as well as the bus control signals (PSEN, and ALE). Figure 14 shows the structure of the external address bus. P0 carries address A7:0 while P2 carries address A15:8. Data D7:0 is multiplexed with A7:0 on P0. Table 33 describes the external memory interface signals. Figure 14. External Code Memory Interface Structure AT89C5131 P2 ALE P0 AD7:0 Latch A7:0 A7:0 D7:0 PSEN OE A15:8 Flash EPROM A15:8 27 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 33. External Data Memory Interface Signals Signal Name A15:8 Type O Description Address Lines Upper address lines for the external bus. Address/Data Lines Multiplexed lower address lines and data for the external memory. Address Latch Enable ALE signals indicates that valid address information are available on lines AD7:0. Program Store Enable Output This signal is active low during external code fetch or external code read (MOVC instruction). Alternate Function P2.7:0 AD7:0 I/O P0.7:0 ALE O - PSEN O - External Bus Cycles This section describes the bus cycles the AT89C5131A-L executes to fetch code (see Figure 15) in the external program/code memory. External memory cycle takes 6 CPU clock periods. This is equivalent to 12 oscillator clock periods in standard mode or 6 oscillator clock periods in X2 mode. For further information on X2 mode (see the clock Section). For simplicity, the accompanying figure depicts the bus cycle waveforms in idealized form and do not provide precise timing information. Figure 15. External Code Fetch Waveforms CPU Clock ALE PSEN P0 D7:0 P2 PCH PCL D7:0 PCL D7:0 PCH PCH Flash Memory Architecture AT89C5131A-L features two on-chip Flash memories: * Flash memory FM0: containing 32 Kbytes of program memory (user space) organized into 128-byte pages, Flash memory FM1: 3 Kbytes for bootloader and Application Programming Interfaces (API). * The FM0 supports both parallel programming and Serial In-System Programming (ISP) whereas FM1 supports only parallel programming by programmers. The ISP mode is detailed in the "In-System Programming" section. All Read/Write access operations on Flash memory by user application are managed by a set of API described in the "In-System Programming" section. 28 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 16. Flash Memory Architecture FFFFh 3 Kbytes Flash Memory Boot Space FM1 Hardware Security (1 Byte) Extra Row (128 Bytes) Column Latches (128 Bytes) 7FFFh 32 Kbytes Flash Memory User Space FM0 F400h FM1 mapped between FFFFh and F400h when bit ENBOOT is set in AUXR1 register 0000h FM0 Memory Architecture The Flash memory is made up of 4 blocks (see Figure 16): 1. The memory array (user space) 32 Kbytes 2. The Extra Row 3. The Hardware security bits 4. The column latch registers User Space This space is composed of a 32 Kbytes Flash memory organized in 256 pages of 128 bytes. It contains the user's application code. This row is a part of FM0 and has a size of 128 bytes. The extra row contains information for bootloader usage. (see Table 39.Software Registers, page 39) The hardware security space is a part of FM0 and has a size of 1 byte. The 4 MSB can be read/written by software. The 4 LSB can only be read by software and written by hardware in parallel mode. The column latches, also part of FM0, have a size of full page (128 bytes). The column latches are the entrance buffers of the three previous memory locations (user array, XRow and Hardware security byte). The CPU interfaces to the Flash memory through the FCON register and AUXR1 register. These registers are used to: * * * * Map the memory spaces in the adressable space Launch the programming of the memory spaces Get the status of the Flash memory (busy/not busy) Select the Flash memory FM0/FM1. Extra Row (XRow) Hardware Security Space Column Latches Overview of FM0 Operations Mapping of the Memory Space By default, the user space is accessed by MOVC instruction for read only. The column latches space is made accessible by setting the FPS bit in FCON register. Writing is possible from 0000h to 7FFFh, address bits 6 to 0 are used to select an address within a page while bits 14 to 7 are used to select the programming address of the page. Setting this bit takes precedence on the EXTRAM bit in AUXR register. 29 4338F-USB-08/07 The other memory spaces (user, extra row, hardware security) are made accessible in the code segment by programming bits FMOD0 and FMOD1 in FCON register in accordance with Table 34. A MOVC instruction is then used for reading these spaces. Table 34. FM0 Blocks Select Bits FMOD1 0 0 1 1 FMOD0 0 1 0 1 FM0 Adressable Space User (0000h-FFFFh) Extra Row(FF80h-FFFFh) Hardware Security (0000h) reserved Launching Programming FPL3:0 bits in FCON register are used to secure the launch of programming. A specific sequence must be written in these bits to unlock the write protection and to launch the programming. This sequence is 5 followed by A. Table 35 summarizes the memory spaces to program according to FMOD1:0 bits. Table 35. Programming Spaces Write to FCON FPL3:0 5 User A 5 Extra Row A Security Space 5 A 5 Reserved A X 1 1 No action X X X X 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X X 0 0 0 1 FPS X FMOD1 0 FMOD0 0 Operation No action Write the column latches in user space No action Write the column latches in extra row space No action Write the fuse bits space No action The Flash memory enters a busy state as soon as programming is launched. In this state, the memory is not available for fetching code. Thus to avoid any erratic execution during programming, the CPU enters Idle mode. Exit is automatically performed at the end of programming. Note: Interrupts that may occur during programming time must be disabled to avoid any spurious exit of the idle mode. Status of the Flash Memory The bit FBUSY in FCON register is used to indicate the status of programming. FBUSY is set when programming is in progress. Selecting FM0/FM1 The bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register is used to choose between FM0 and FM1 mapped up to F800h. 30 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Loading the Column Latches Any number of data from 1 byte to 128 bytes can be loaded in the column latches. This provides the capability to program the whole memory by byte, by page or by any number of bytes in a page. When programming is launched, an automatic erase of the locations loaded in the column latches is first performed, then programming is effectively done. Thus, no page or block erase is needed and only the loaded data are programmed in the corresponding page. The following procedure is used to load the column latches and is summarized in Figure 17: * * * * * Map the column latch space by setting FPS bit. Load the DPTR with the address to load. Load Accumulator register with the data to load. Execute the MOVX @DPTR, A instruction. If needed loop the three last instructions until the page is completely loaded. Figure 17. Column Latches Loading Procedure Column Latches Loading Column Latches Mapping FPS = 1 Data Load DPTR = Address ACC = Data Exec: MOVX @DPTR, A Last Byte to load? Data memory Mapping FPS = 0 Programming the Flash Spaces User The following procedure is used to program the User space and is summarized in Figure 18: * Load data in the column latches from address 0000h to 7FFFh(1). * Disable the interrupts. * Launch the programming by writing the data sequence 50h followed by A0h in FCON register. The end of the programming indicated by the FBUSY flag cleared. * Enable the interrupts. Note: 1. The last page address used when loading the column latch is the one used to select the page programming address. 31 4338F-USB-08/07 Extra Row The following procedure is used to program the Extra Row space and is summarized in Figure 18: * * * Load data in the column latches from address FF80h to FFFFh. Disable the interrupts. Launch the programming by writing the data sequence 52h followed by A2h in FCON register. The end of the programming indicated by the FBUSY flag cleared. Enable the interrupts. * Figure 18. Flash and Extra Row Programming Procedure Flash Spaces Programming Column Latches Loading see Figure 17 Disable IT EA = 0 Launch Programming FCON = 5xh FCON = Axh FBusy Cleared? Erase Mode FCON = 00h End Programming Enable IT EA = 1 32 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Hardware Security The following procedure is used to program the Hardware Security space and is summarized in Figure 19: * * * * * * Set FPS and map Hardware byte (FCON = 0x0C) Disable the interrupts. Load DPTR at address 0000h. Load Accumulator register with the data to load. Execute the MOVX @DPTR, A instruction. Launch the programming by writing the data sequence 54h followed by A4h in FCON register. The end of the programming indicated by the FBusy flag cleared. Enable the interrupts. * Figure 19. Hardware Programming Procedure Flash Spaces Programming FCON = 0Ch Data Load DPTR = 00h ACC = Data Exec: MOVX @DPTR, A Disable IT EA = 0 Launch Programming FCON = 54h FCON = A4h FBusy Cleared? Erase Mode FCON = 00h End Programming Enable IT EA = 1 33 4338F-USB-08/07 Reading the Flash Spaces User The following procedure is used to read the User space and is summarized in Figure 20: * * Map the User space by writing 00h in FCON register. Read one byte in Accumulator by executing MOVC A, @A+DPTR with A = 0 & DPTR = 0000h to FFFFh. Extra Row The following procedure is used to read the Extra Row space and is summarized in Figure 20: * * Map the Extra Row space by writing 02h in FCON register. Read one byte in Accumulator by executing MOVC A, @A+DPTR with A = 0 & DPTR = FF80h to FFFFh. Hardware Security The following procedure is used to read the Hardware Security space and is summarized in Figure 20: * * Map the Hardware Security space by writing 04h in FCON register. Read the byte in Accumulator by executing MOVC A, @A+DPTR with A = 0 & DPTR = 0000h. Figure 20. Reading Procedure Flash Spaces Reading Flash Spaces Mapping FCON = 00000xx0b Data Read DPTR = Address ACC = 0 Exec: MOVC A, @A+DPTR Erase Mode FCON = 00h 34 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Registers Table 36. FCON (S:D1h) Flash Control Register 7 FPL3 6 FPL2 5 FPL1 4 FPL0 3 FPS 2 FMOD1 1 FMOD0 0 FBUSY Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description Programming Launch Command Bits Write 5Xh followed by AXh to launch the programming according to FMOD1:0. (see Table 35.) Flash Map Program Space Set to map the column latch space in the data memory space. Clear to re-map the data memory space. Flash Mode See Table 34 or Table 35. Flash Busy Set by hardware when programming is in progress. Clear by hardware when programming is done. Can not be cleared by software. 7-4 FPL3:0 3 FPS 2-1 FMOD1:0 0 FBUSY Reset Value = 0000 0000b 35 4338F-USB-08/07 Flash EEPROM Memory General Description The Flash memory increases EPROM functionality with in-circuit electrical erasure and programming. It contains 32 Kbytes of program memory organized in 256 pages of 128 bytes, respectively. This memory is both parallel and serial In-System Programmable (ISP). ISP allows devices to alter their own program memory in the actual end product under software control. A default serial loader (bootloader) program allows ISP of the Flash. The programming does not require 12V external programming voltage. The necessary high programming voltage is generated on-chip using the standard V CC pins of the microcontroller. Features * * * * * * * * * * * * * Flash EEPROM internal program memory. Boot vector allows user-provided Flash loader code to reside anywhere in the Flash memory space. This configuration provides flexibility to the user. Default loader in Boot EEPROM allows programming via the serial port without the need of a user provided loader. Up to 64K bytes external program memory if the internal program memory is disabled (EA = 0). Programming and erase voltage with standard power supply. Read/Program/Erase: Byte-wise read (without wait state). Byte or page erase and programming (10 ms). Typical programming time (32 Kbytes) in 10 sec. Parallel programming with 87C51 compatible hardware interface to programmer. Programmable security for the code in the Flash. 100K write cycles 10 years data retention Flash Programming and Erasure The 32 Kbytes Flash is programmed by bytes or by pages of 128 bytes. It is not necessary to erase a byte or a page before programming. The programming of a byte or a page includes a self erase before programming. There are three methods of programming the Flash memory: 1. The on-chip ISP bootloader may be invoked which will use low level routines to program the pages. The interface used for serial downloading of Flash is the USB. 2. The Flash may be programmed or erased in the end-user application by calling low-level routines through a common entry point in the Boot Flash. 3. The Flash may be programmed using the parallel method . The bootloader and the Application Programming Interface (API) routines are located in the Flash Bootloader. 36 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Flash Registers and Memory Map The AT89C5131A-L Flash memory uses several registers: * Hardware register can be accessed with a parallel programmer.Some bits of the hardware register can be changed, also, by API (i.e. X2 and BLJB bits of Hardware security Byte) or ISP. Software registers are in a special page of the Flash memory which can be accessed through the API or with the parallel programming modes. This page, called "Extra Flash Memory", is not in the internal Flash program memory addressing space. * Hardware Registers The only hardware register of the AT89C5131A-L is called Hardware Security Byte (HSB). Table 37. Hardware Security Byte (HSB) 7 X2 Bit Number 6 BLJB Bit Mnemonic Description X2 Mode Cleared to force X2 mode (6 clocks per instruction) Set to force X1 mode, Standard Mode (Default). Bootloader Jump Bit 6 BLJB Set this bit to start the user's application on next reset at address 0000h. Cleared this bit to start the bootloader at address F400h (default). Oscillator Control Bits These two bits are used to control the oscillator in order to reduce consumption. 5-4 OSCON1 OSCON0 Description OSCON1-0 1 1 The oscillator is configured to run from 0 to 32 MHz 1 0 The oscillator is configured to run from 0 to 16 MHz 0 1 The oscillator is configured to run from 0 to 8 MHz 0 0 This configuration shouldn't be set LB2-0 Reserved User Memory Lock Bits See Table 38 5 OSCON1 4 OSCON0 3 2 LB2 1 LB1 0 LB0 7 X2 3 2-0 Bootloader Jump Bit (BLJB) One bit of the HSB, the BLJB bit, is used to force the boot address: * * When this bit is set the boot address is 0000h. When this bit is reset the boot address is F400h. By default, this bit is cleared and the ISP is enabled. Flash Memory Lock Bits The three lock bits provide different levels of protection for the on-chip code and data, when programmed as shown in Table 38. 37 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 38. Program Lock bits Program Lock Bits Security level 1 LB0 U LB1 U LB2 U Protection Description No program lock features enabled. MOVC instruction executed from external program memory is disabled from fetching code bytes from any internal memory, EA is sampled and latched on reset, and further parallel programming of the Flash and of the EEPROM (boot and Xdata) is disabled. ISP and software programming with API are still allowed. Same as 2, also verify through parallel programming interface is disabled and serial programming ISP is still allowed. Same as 3, also external execution is disabled. 2 P U U 3 X P U 4 X X P Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. U: unprogrammed or "one" level. P: programmed or "zero" level. X: don't care WARNING: Security level 2 and 3 should only be programmed after verification. These security bits protect the code access through the parallel programming interface. They are set by default to level 4. The code access through the ISP is still possible and is controlled by the "software security bits" which are stored in the extra Flash memory accessed by the ISP firmware. To load a new application with the parallel programmer, a chip erase must be done first. This will set the HSB in its inactive state and will erase the Flash memory. The part reference can always be read using Flash parallel programming modes. Default Values The default value of the HSB provides parts ready to be programmed with ISP: * * * * BLJB: Cleared to force ISP operation. X2: Set to force X1 mode (Standard Mode) OSCON1-0: Set to start with 32 MHz oscillator configuration value. LB2-0: Security level four to protect the code from a parallel access with maximum security. Software Registers Several registers are used, in factory and by parallel programmers, to make copies of hardware registers contents. These values are used by Atmel ISP (see Section "In-System Programming (ISP)"). These registers are in the "Extra Flash Memory" part of the Flash memory. This block is also called "XAF" or eXtra Array Flash. They are accessed in the following ways: * * * Commands issued by the parallel memory programmer. Commands issued by the ISP software. Calls of API issued by the application software. Several software registers are described in Table 39. 38 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 39. Software Registers Address 01 00 05 30 Mnemonic SBV BSB SSB - Description Software Boot Vector Boot Status Byte Software Security Byte Copy of the Manufacturer Code Copy of the Device ID #1: Family Code Copy of the Device ID #2: Memories Copy of the Device ID #3: Name Default value FFh 0FFh FFh 58h - - - Atmel C51 X2, Electrically Erasable AT89C5131A-L 32 Kbyte AT89C5131A-L 32 Kbyte, revision 0 31 - D7h 60 - F7h 61 - DFh After programming the part by ISP, the BSB must be cleared (00h) in order to allow the application to boot at 0000h. The content of the Software Security Byte (SSB) is described in Table 40 and Table 41. To assure code protection from a parallel access, the HSB must also be at the required level. Table 40. Software Security Byte (SSB) 7 Bit Number 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved Do not clear this bit. Reserved Do not clear this bit. Reserved Do not clear this bit. Reserved Do not clear this bit. Reserved Do not clear this bit. Reserved Do not clear this bit. User Memory Lock Bits See Table 41 5 4 3 2 1 LB1 0 LB0 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1-0 LB1-0 The two lock bits provide different levels of protection for the on-chip code and data, when programmed as shown to Table 41. 39 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 41. Program Lock Bits of the SSB Program Lock Bits Security Level 1 2 3 LB0 U P P LB1 U U P Protection Description No program lock features enabled. ISP programming of the Flash is disabled. Same as 2, also verify through ISP programming interface is disabled. Notes: 1. U: unprogrammed or "one" level. 2. P: programmed or "zero" level. 3. WARNING: Security level 2 and 3 should only be programmed after Flash and code verification. Flash Memory Status AT89C5131A-L parts are delivered with the ISP boot in the Flash memory. After ISP or parallel programming, the possible contents of the Flash memory are summarized in Figure 21: Figure 21. Flash Memory Possible Contents 7FFFh AT89C5131A-M Virgin Application Virgin or Application Dedicated ISP Application Virgin or Application Virgin or Application Dedicated ISP After parallel programming After parallel programming After parallel programming 0000h Default After ISP After ISP Memory Organization In the AT89C5131A-L, the lowest 32K of the 64 Kbyte program memory address space is filled by internal Flash. When the EA is pin high, the processor fetches instructions from internal program Flash. Bus expansion for accessing program memory from 32K upward is automatic since external instruction fetches occur automatically when the program counter exceeds 7FFFh (32K). If the EA pin is tied low, all program memory fetches are from external memory. If all storage is on chip, then byte location 7FFFh (32K) should be left vacant to prevent and undesired pre-fetch from external program memory address 8000h (32K). 40 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L EEPROM Data Memory Description The 1-Kbyte on-chip EEPROM memory block is located at addresses 0000h to 03FFh of the ERAM memory space and is selected by setting control bits in the EECON register. A read in the EEPROM memory is done with a MOVX instruction. A physical write in the EEPROM memory is done in two steps: write data in the column latches and transfer of all data latches into an EEPROM memory row (programming). The number of data written on the page may vary from 1 to 128 bytes (the page size). When programming, only the data written in the column latch is programmed and a ninth bit is used to obtain this feature. This provides the capability to program the whole memory by bytes, by page or by a number of bytes in a page. Indeed, each ninth bit is set when the writing the corresponding byte in a row and all these ninth bits are reset after the writing of the complete EEPROM row. Write Data in the Column Latches Data is written by byte to the column latches as for an external RAM memory. Out of the 11 address bits of the data pointer, the 4 MSBs are used for page selection (row) and 7 are used for byte selection. Between two EEPROM programming sessions, all the addresses in the column latches must stay on the same page, meaning that the 4 MSB must not be changed. The following procedure is used to write to the column latches: * * * * * Set bit EEE of EECON register Load DPTR with the address to write Store A register with the data to be written Execute a MOVX @DPTR, A If needed, loop the three last instructions until the end of a 128 bytes page Programming The EEPROM programming consists on the following actions: * Writing one or more bytes of one page in the column latches. Normally, all bytes must belong to the same page; if not, the first page address will be latched and the others discarded. Launching programming by writing the control sequence (52h followed by A2h) to the EECON register. EEBUSY flag in EECON is then set by hardware to indicate that programming is in progress and that the EEPROM segment is not available for reading. The end of programming is indicated by a hardware clear of the EEBUSY flag. * * * Read Data The following procedure is used to read the data stored in the EEPROM memory: * * * * Set bit EEE of EECON register Stretch the MOVX to accommodate the slow access time of the column latch (Set bit M0 of AUXR register) Load DPTR with the address to read Execute a MOVX A, @DPTR 41 4338F-USB-08/07 Registers Table 42. EECON (S:0D2h) EECON Register 7 EEPL3 6 EEPL2 Bit Mnemonic EEPL3-0 5 EEPL1 4 EEPL0 3 2 1 EEE 0 EEBUSY Bit Number 7-4 Description Programming Launch command bits Write 5Xh followed by AXh to EEPL to launch the programming. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Enable EEPROM Space bit Set to map the EEPROM space during MOVX instructions (Write in the column latches) Clear to map the ERAM space during MOVX. Programming Busy flag Set by hardware when programming is in progress. Cleared by hardware when programming is done. Cannot be set or cleared by software. 3 - 2 - 1 EEE 0 EEBUSY Reset Value = XXXX XX00b Not bit addressable 42 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L In-System Programming (ISP) With the implementation of the User Space (FM0) and the Boot Space (FM1) in Flash technology the AT89C5131 allows the system engineer the development of applications with a very high level of flexibility. This flexibility is based on the possibility to alter the customer program at any stages of a product's life: * * Before mounting the chip on the PCB, FM0 flash can be programmed with the application code. FM1 is always preprogrammed by Atmel with a USB bootloader.(1) Once the chip is mounted on the PCB, it can be programmed by serial mode via the USB bus. 1. The user can also program his own bootloader in FM1. Note: This ISP allows code modification over the total lifetime of the product. Besides the default Bootloaders Atmel provide customers all the needed ApplicationProgramming-Interfaces (API) which are needed for the ISP. The API are located in the Boot memory. This allow the customer to have a full use of the 32-Kbyte user memory. Flash Programming and Erasure There are three methods for programming the Flash memory: * The Atmel bootloader located in FM1 is activated by the application. Low level API routines (located in FM1)will be used to program FM0. The interface used for serial downloading to FM0 is the USB. API can be called also by user's bootloader located in FM0 at [SBV]00h. A further method exist in activating the Atmel boot loader by hardware activation. See the Section "Hardware Registers". The FM0 can be programmed also by the parallel mode using a programmer. * * Figure 22. Flash Memory Mapping FFFFh 3K Bytes IAP Bootloader FM1 F400h 7FFFh Custom Bootloader [SBV]00h 32K Bytes FM1 Mapped between F400h and FFFFh when API Called Flash Memory FM0 0000h 43 4338F-USB-08/07 Boot Process Software Boot Process Example Many algorithms can be used for the software boot process. Below are descriptions of the different flags and Bytes. Boot Loader Jump bit (BLJB): - This bit indicates if on RESET the user wants to jump to this application at address @0000h on FM0 or execute the boot loader at address @F400h on FM1. - BLJB = 0 (i.e. bootloader FM1 executed after a reset) is the default Atmel factory programming. -To read or modify this bit, the APIs are used. Boot Vector Address (SBV): - This byte contains the MSB of the user boot loader address in FM0. - The default value of SBV is FFh (no user boot loader in FM0). - To read or modify this byte, the APIs are used. Extra Byte (EB) & Boot Status Byte (BSB): - These Bytes are reserved for customer use. - To read or modify these Bytes, the APIs are used. Figure 23. Hardware Boot Process Algorithm RESET bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 Register Is Initialized with BLJB Inverted. Example, if BLJB=0, ENBOOT Hardware ENBOOT = 0 PC = 0000h BLJB == 0 ? is set (=1) during reset, thus the bootloader is executed after the reset. ENBOOT = 1 PC = F400h Software Application in FM0 Bootloader in FM1 44 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L ApplicationProgramming-Interface Several Application Program Interface (API) calls are available for use by an application program to permit selective erasing and programming of Flash pages. All calls are made by functions. All these APIs are described in detail in the following document on the Atmel web site. - Datasheet Bootloader USB AT89C5131. XROW Bytes The EXTRA ROW (XROW) includes 128 bytes. Some of these bytes are used for specific purpose in conjonction with the bootloader. Table 43. XROW Mapping Description Copy of the Manufacturer Code Copy of the Device ID#1: Family code Copy of the Device ID#2: Memories size and type Copy of the Device ID#3: Name and Revision Default Value 58h D7h BBh FFh Address 30h 31h 60h 61h Hardware Conditions It is possible to force the controller to execute the bootloader after a Reset with hardware conditions. Depending on the product type (low pin count or high pin count package), there are two methods to apply the hardware conditions. For high pin count packages, the hardware conditons (EA = 1, PSEN = 0) are sampled during the RESET rising edge to force the on-chip bootloader execution (See Figure 82 on page 172). In this way the bootloader can be carried out regardless of the user Flash memory content. It is recommended to pull the PSEN pin down to ground though a 1K resistor to prevent the PSEN pin from being damaged (See Figure 24 below). Figure 24. ISP Hardware conditions VCC VCC High Pin Count Hardware Conditions (PLCC52, QFP64) VCC EA ALE Unconnected C2 /RST XTAL2 GND Crystal GND C1 Bootloader /PSEN XTAL1 1K GND GND VSS GND 45 4338F-USB-08/07 As PSEN is an output port in normal operating mode (running user application or bootloader code) after reset, it is recommended to release PSEN after rising edge of reset signal. Low Pin Count Hardware Conditions (SOIC28) Low pin count products do not have PSEN signal, thus for these products, the bootloader is always executed after reset thanks to the BLJB bit. The Hardware Conditions are detected at the begining of the bootloader execution from reset. The default factory Hardware Condition is assigned to port P1. * P1 must be equal to FEh In order to offer the best flexibility, the user can define its own Hardware Condition on one of the following Ports: * * * Port1 Port3 Port4 (only bit0 and bit1) The Hardware Conditions configuration is stored in three bytes called P1_CF, P3_CF, P4_CF. These bytes can be modified by the user through a set of API or through an ISP command. Note: 1. The BLJB must be at 0 (programmed) to be able to restart the bootloader. 2. BLJB can always be changed by the means of API, whether it's a low or high pin count package.But for a low pin count version, if BLJB=1, no ISP via the Bootloader is further possible (because the HW conditions are never evaluated, as described in the USB Bootloader Datasheet). To go back to ISP, BLJB needs to be changed by a parallel programmer(or by the APIs). See a detailed description in the applicable Document. - Datasheet Bootloader USB AT89C5131. 46 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L On-chip Expanded RAM (ERAM) The AT89C5131A-L provides additional Bytes of random access memory (RAM) space for increased data parameters handling and high level language usage. AT89C5131A-L devices have an expanded RAM in the external data space; maximum size and location are described in Table 44. Table 44. Description of Expanded RAM Address Part Number AT89C5131A-L ERAM Size 1024 Start 00h End 3FFh The AT89C5131A-L has on-chip data memory which is mapped into the following four separate segments. 1. The Lower 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 00h to 7Fh) are directly and indirectly addressable. 2. The Upper 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 80h to FFh) are indirectly addressable only. 3. The Special Function Registers, SFRs, (addresses 80h to FFh) are directly addressable only. 4. The expanded RAM bytes are indirectly accessed by MOVX instructions, and with the EXTRAM bit cleared in the AUXR register (see Table 44) The lower 128 bytes can be accessed by either direct or indirect addressing. The Upper 128 bytes can be accessed by indirect addressing only. The Upper 128 bytes occupy the same address space as the SFR. That means they have the same address, but are physically separate from SFR space. Figure 25. Internal and External Data Memory Address 0FFh or 3FFh(*) 0FFh Upper 128 bytes Internal RAM indirect accesses ERAM 80h 7Fh Lower 128 bytes Internal RAM direct or indirect accesses 00 00 80h 0FFh 0FFFFh Special Function Register direct accesses External Data Memory 00FFh up to 03FFh (*) 0000 (*) Depends on XRS1..0 47 4338F-USB-08/07 When an instruction accesses an internal location above address 7Fh, the CPU knows whether the access is to the upper 128 bytes of data RAM or to SFR space by the addressing mode used in the instruction. * * Instructions that use direct addressing access SFR space. For example: MOV 0A0H, # data, accesses the SFR at location 0A0h (which is P2). Instructions that use indirect addressing access the Upper 128 bytes of data RAM. For example: MOV atR0, # data where R0 contains 0A0h, accesses the data byte at address 0A0h, rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0h). The ERAM bytes can be accessed by indirect addressing, with EXTRAM bit cleared and MOVX instructions. This part of memory which is physically located on-chip, logically occupies the first bytes of external data memory. The bits XRS0 and XRS1 are used to hide a part of the available ERAM as explained in Table 44. This can be useful if external peripherals are mapped at addresses already used by the internal ERAM. With EXTRAM = 0, the ERAM is indirectly addressed, using the MOVX instruction in combination with any of the registers R0, R1 of the selected bank or DPTR. An access to ERAM will not affect ports P0, P2, P3.6 (WR) and P3.7 (RD). For example, with EXTRAM = 0, MOVX atR0, # data where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the ERAM at address 0A0H rather than external memory. An access to external data memory locations higher than the accessible size of the ERAM will be performed with the MOVX DPTR instructions in the same way as in the standard 80C51, with P0 and P2 as data/address busses, and P3.6 and P3.7 as write and read timing signals. Accesses to ERAM above 0FFH can only be done by the use of DPTR. With EXTRAM = 1, MOVX @Ri and MOVX @DPTR will be similar to the standard 80C51. MOVX at Ri will provide an eight-bit address multiplexed with data on Port0 and any output port pins can be used to output higher order address bits. This is to provide the external paging capability. MOVX @DPTR will generate a sixteen-bit address. Port2 outputs the high-order eight address bits (the contents of DPH) while Port0 multiplexes the low-order eight address bits (DPL) with data. MOVX at Ri and MOVX @DPTR will generate either read or write signals on P3.6 (WR) and P3.7 (RD). * * * The stack pointer (SP) may be located anywhere in the 256 bytes RAM (lower and upper RAM) internal data memory. The stack may not be located in the ERAM. The M0 bit allows to stretch the ERAM timings; if M0 is set, the read and write pulses are extended from 6 to 30 clock periods. This is useful to access external slow peripherals. 48 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 45. AUXR Register AUXR - Auxiliary Register (8Eh) 7 DPU Bit Number 6 Bit Mnemonic Description Disable Weak Pull Up 7 DPU Cleared to enabled weak pull up on standard Ports. Set to disable weak pull up on standard Ports. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit Pulse length 5 M0 Cleared to stretch MOVX control: the RD and the WR pulse length is 6 clock periods (default). Set to stretch MOVX control: the RD and the WR pulse length is 30 clock periods. 4 3 XRS1 Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit ERAM Size XRS1XRS0 0 0 2 XRS0 0 1 1 1 0 1 ERAM size 256 bytes 512 bytes 768 bytes 1024 bytes (default) 5 M0 4 3 XRS1 2 XRS0 1 EXTRAM 0 AO 6 - 1 EXTRAM EXTRAM bit Cleared to access internal ERAM using MOVX at Ri at DPTR. Set to access external memory. ALE Output bit Cleared, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency (or 1/3 if X2 mode is used) (default). Set, ALE is active only when a MOVX or MOVC instruction is used. 0 AO Reset Value = 0X0X 1100b Not bit addressable 49 4338F-USB-08/07 Timer 2 The Timer 2 in the AT89C5131A-L is the standard C52 Timer 2. It is a 16-bit timer/counter: the count is maintained by two cascaded eight-bit timer registers, TH2 and TL2. It is controlled by T2CON (Table 46) and T2MOD (Table 47) registers. Timer 2 operation is similar to Timer 0 and Timer 1. C/T2 selects FOSC/12 (timer operation) or external pin T2 (counter operation) as the timer clock input. Setting TR2 allows TL2 to be incremented by the selected input. Timer 2 has 3 operating modes: capture, auto reload and Baud Rate Generator. These modes are selected by the combination of RCLK, TCLK and CP/RL2 (T2CON). Refer to the Atmel 8-bit microcontroller hardware documentation for the description of Capture and Baud Rate Generator Modes. Timer 2 includes the following enhancements: * * Auto-reload mode with up or down counter Programmable Clock-output Auto-reload Mode The Auto-reload mode configures Timer 2 as a 16-bit timer or event counter with automatic reload. If DCEN bit in T2MOD is cleared, Timer 2 behaves as in 80C52 (refer to the Atmel 8-bit microcontroller hardware description). If DCEN bit is set, Timer 2 acts as an Up/down timer/counter as shown in Figure 26. In this mode the T2EX pin controls the direction of count. When T2EX is high, Timer 2 counts up. Timer overflow occurs at FFFFh which sets the TF2 flag and generates an interrupt request. The overflow also causes the 16-bit value in RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers to be loaded into the timer registers TH2 and TL2. When T2EX is low, Timer 2 counts down. Timer underflow occurs when the count in the timer registers TH2 and TL2 equals the value stored in RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers. The underflow sets TF2 flag and reloads FFFFh into the timer registers. The EXF2 bit toggles when Timer 2 overflows or underflows according to the direction of the count. EXF2 does not generate any interrupt. This bit can be used to provide 17-bit resolution. 50 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 26. Auto-reload Mode Up/Down Counter (DCEN = 1) FCLK PERIPH :6 0 1 T2 C/T2 T2CON TR2 T2CON (DOWN COUNTING RELOAD VALUE) T2EX: FFh (8-bit) FFh (8-bit) if DCEN = 1, 1 = UP if DCEN = 1, 0 = DOWN if DCEN = 0, up counting TOGGLE T2CON EXF2 TL2 (8-bit) TH2 (8-bit) TF2 T2CON Timer 2 INTERRUPT RCAP2L (8-bit) RCAP2H (8-bit) (UP COUNTING RELOAD VALUE) Programmable Clock Output In the Clock-out mode, Timer 2 operates as a 50%-duty-cycle, programmable clock generator (See Figure 27). The input clock increments TL2 at frequency FCLK PERIPH/2. The timer repeatedly counts to overflow from a loaded value. At overflow, the contents of RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers are loaded into TH2 and TL2. In this mode, Timer 2 overflows do not generate interrupts. The following formula gives the Clock-out frequency as a function of the system oscillator frequency and the value in the RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers F CLKPERIPH Clock - OutFrequency = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 x ( 65536 - RCAP2H RCAP2L ) For a 16 MHz system clock, Timer 2 has a programmable frequency range of 61 Hz (FCLK PERIPH/216) to 4 MHz (FCLK PERIPH/4). The generated clock signal is brought out to T2 pin (P1.0). Timer 2 is programmed for the Clock-out mode as follows: * * * * * Set T2OE bit in T2MOD register. Clear C/T2 bit in T2CON register. Determine the 16-bit reload value from the formula and enter it in RCAP2H/RCAP2L registers. Enter a 16-bit initial value in timer registers TH2/TL2. It can be the same as the reload value or a different one depending on the application. To start the timer, set TR2 run control bit in T2CON register. 51 4338F-USB-08/07 It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud rate generator and a clock generator simultaneously. For this configuration, the baud rates and clock frequencies are not independent since both functions use the values in the RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers. Figure 27. Clock-out Mode C/T2 = 0 FCLK PERIPH :6 TR2 T2CON TL2 (8-bit) TH2 (8-bit) OVERFLOW RCAP2L (8-bit) Toggle T2 Q D RCAP2H (8-bit) T2OE T2MOD T2EX EXEN2 T2CON EXF2 T2CON Timer 2 INTERRUPT 52 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 46. T2CON Register T2CON - Timer 2 Control Register (C8h) 7 TF2 Bit Number 6 EXF2 Bit Mnemonic Description Timer 2 overflow Flag Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware on Timer 2 overflow, if RCLK = 0 and TCLK = 0. Timer 2 External Flag Set when a capture or a reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. When set, causes the CPU to vector to Timer 2 interrupt routine when Timer 2 interrupt is enabled. Must be cleared by software. EXF2 doesn't cause an interrupt in Up/down counter mode (DCEN = 1). Receive Clock bit Cleared to use Timer 1 overflow as receive clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Set to use Timer 2 overflow as receive clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Transmit Clock bit Cleared to use Timer 1 overflow as transmit clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Set to use Timer 2 overflow as transmit clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Timer 2 External Enable bit Cleared to ignore events on T2EX pin for Timer 2 operation. Set to cause a capture or reload when a negative transition on T2EX pin is detected, if Timer 2 is not used to clock the serial port. Timer 2 Run control bit Cleared to turn off Timer 2. Set to turn on Timer 2. Timer/Counter 2 select bit Cleared for timer operation (input from internal clock system: FCLK PERIPH). Set for counter operation (input from T2 input pin, falling edge trigger). Must be 0 for clock out mode. Timer 2 Capture/Reload bit If RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, CP/RL2# is ignored and timer is forced to Auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow. Cleared to Auto-reload on Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. Set to capture on negative transitions on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. 5 RCLK 4 TCLK 3 EXEN2 2 TR2 1 C/T2# 0 CP/RL2# 7 TF2 6 EXF2 5 RCLK 4 TCLK 3 EXEN2 2 TR2 1 C/T2# 0 CP/RL2# Reset Value = 0000 0000b Bit addressable 53 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 47. T2MOD Register T2MOD - Timer 2 Mode Control Register (C9h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Timer 2 Output Enable bit Cleared to program P1.0/T2 as clock input or I/O port. Set to program P1.0/T2 as clock output. Down Counter Enable bit Cleared to disable Timer 2 as up/down counter. Set to enable Timer 2 as up/down counter. 5 4 3 2 1 T2OE 0 DCEN 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 T2OE 0 DCEN Reset Value = XXXX XX00b Not bit addressable 54 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Programmable Counter Array (PCA) The PCA provides more timing capabilities with less CPU intervention than the standard timer/counters. Its advantages include reduced software overhead and improved accuracy. The PCA consists of a dedicated timer/counter which serves as the time base for an array of five compare/capture modules. Its clock input can be programmed to count any one of the following signals: * * * * * * * * Peripheral clock frequency (FCLK PERIPH) Timer 0 overflow External input on ECI (P1.2) rising and/or falling edge capture, software timer high-speed output, or pulse width modulator /6 Peripheral clock frequency (FCLK PERIPH) / 2 Each compare/capture modules can be programmed in any one of the following modes: Module 4 can also be programmed as a watchdog timer (see Section "PCA Watchdog Timer", page 65). When the compare/capture modules are programmed in the capture mode, software timer, or high speed output mode, an interrupt can be generated when the module executes its function. All five modules plus the PCA timer overflow share one interrupt vector. The PCA timer/counter and compare/capture modules share Port 1 for external I/O. These pins are listed below. If the port pin is not used for the PCA, it can still be used for standard I/O. PCA Component 16-bit Counter 16-bit Module 0 16-bit Module 1 16-bit Module 2 16-bit Module 3 16-bit Module 4 External I/O Pin P1.2/ECI P1.3/CEX0 P1.4/CEX1 P1.5/CEX2 P1.6/CEX3 P1.7/CEX4 The PCA timer is a common time base for all five modules (see Figure 28). The timer count source is determined from the CPS1 and CPS0 bits in the CMOD register (Table 48) and can be programmed to run at: * * * * 1/6 the peripheral clock frequency (FCLK PERIPH). 1/2 the peripheral clock frequency (FCLK PERIPH). The Timer 0 overflow The input on the ECI pin (P1.2) 55 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 28. PCA Timer/Counter To PCA modules FCLK PERIPH/6 FCLK PERIPH/2 T0 OVF P1.2 overflow CH CL 16 Bit Up Counter It CIDL Idle WDTE CPS1 CPS0 ECF CMOD 0xD9 CF CR CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON 0xD8 Table 48. CMOD Register CMOD - PCA Counter Mode Register (D9h) 7 CIDL Bit Number 6 WDTE Bit Mnemonic Description Counter Idle Control 7 CIDL Cleared to program the PCA Counter to continue functioning during idle Mode. Set to program PCA to be gated off during idle. Watchdog Timer Enable 6 WDTE Cleared to disable Watchdog Timer function on PCA Module 4. Set to enable Watchdog Timer function on PCA Module 4. 5 Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. PCA Count Pulse Select CPS1CPS0 0 0 1 CPS0 0 1 1 1 0 1 Selected PCA input Internal clock fCLK PERIPH/6 Internal clock fCLK PERIPH/2 Timer 0 Overflow External clock at ECI/P1.2 pin (max rate = fCLK PERIPH/ 4) 5 4 3 2 CPS1 1 CPS0 0 ECF 4 - 3 2 CPS1 0 ECF PCA Enable Counter Overflow Interrupt Cleared to disable CF bit in CCON to inhibit an interrupt. Set to enable CF bit in CCON to generate an interrupt. Reset Value = 00XX X000b Not bit addressable 56 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L The CMOD register includes three additional bits associated with the PCA (See Figure 28 and Table 48). * * * The CIDL bit allows the PCA to stop during idle mode. The WDTE bit enables or disables the watchdog function on module 4. The ECF bit when set causes an interrupt and the PCA overflow flag CF (in the CCON SFR) to be set when the PCA timer overflows. The CCON register contains the run control bit for the PCA and the flags for the PCA timer (CF) and each module (see Table 49). * * Bit CR (CCON.6) must be set by software to run the PCA. The PCA is shut off by clearing this bit. Bit CF: The CF bit (CCON.7) is set when the PCA counter overflows and an interrupt will be generated if the ECF bit in the CMOD register is set. The CF bit can only be cleared by software. Bits 0 through 4 are the flags for the modules (bit 0 for module 0, bit 1 for module 1, etc.) and are set by hardware when either a match or a capture occurs. These flags can only be cleared by software. * Table 49. CCON Register CCON - PCA Counter Control Register (D8h) 7 CF Bit Bit 6 CR 5 - 4 CCF4 3 CCF3 2 CCF2 1 CCF1 0 CCF0 Number Mnemonic Description PCA Counter Overflow flag 7 CF Set by hardware when the counter rolls over. CF flags an interrupt if bit ECF in CMOD is set. CF may be set by either hardware or software but can only be cleared by software. PCA Counter Run control bit 6 CR Must be cleared by software to turn the PCA counter off. Set by software to turn the PCA counter on. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. PCA Module 4 interrupt flag 4 CCF4 Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. PCA Module 3 interrupt flag 3 CCF3 Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. PCA Module 2 interrupt flag 2 CCF2 Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. PCA Module 1 Interrupt Flag 1 CCF1 Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. PCA Module 0 Interrupt Flag 0 CCF0 Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. 5 - Reset Value = 000X 0000b Not bit addressable 57 4338F-USB-08/07 The watchdog timer function is implemented in module 4 (See Figure 31). The PCA interrupt system is shown in Figure 29. Figure 29. PCA Interrupt System CF PCA Timer/Counter CR CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON 0xD8 Module 0 Module 1 To Interrupt priority decoder Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 CMOD.0 ECF ECCFn CCAPMn.0 IE.6 EC IE.7 EA PCA Modules: each one of the five compare/capture modules has six possible functions. It can perform: * * * * * * 16-bit capture, positive-edge triggered 16-bit capture, negative-edge triggered 16-bit capture, both positive and negative-edge triggered 16-bit Software Timer 16-bit High-speed Output 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator In addition, module 4 can be used as a Watchdog Timer. Each module in the PCA has a special function register associated with it. These registers are: CCAPM0 for module 0, CCAPM1 for module 1, etc. (see Table 50). The registers contain the bits that control the mode that each module will operate in. * The ECCF bit (CCAPMn.0 where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the module) enables the CCF flag in the CCON SFR to generate an interrupt when a match or compare occurs in the associated module. PWM (CCAPMn.1) enables the pulse width modulation mode. The TOG bit (CCAPMn.2) when set causes the CEX output associated with the module to toggle when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's capture/compare register. The match bit MAT (CCAPMn.3) when set will cause the CCFn bit in the CCON register to be set when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's capture/compare register. The next two bits CAPN (CCAPMn.4) and CAPP (CCAPMn.5) determine the edge that a capture input will be active on. The CAPN bit enables the negative edge, and * * * * 58 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L the CAPP bit enables the positive edge. If both bits are set both edges will be enabled and a capture will occur for either transition. * The last bit in the register ECOM (CCAPMn.6) when set enables the comparator function. Table 51 shows the CCAPMn settings for the various PCA functions. Table 50. CCAPMn Registers (n = 0-4) CCAPM0 - PCA Module 0 Compare/Capture Control Register (0DAh) CCAPM1 - PCA Module 1 Compare/Capture Control Register (0DBh) CCAPM2 - PCA Module 2 Compare/Capture Control Register (0DCh) CCAPM3 - PCA Module 3 Compare/Capture Control Register (0DDh) CCAPM4 - PCA Module 4 Compare/Capture Control Register (0DEh) 7 Bit Number 7 6 ECOMn Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Enable Comparator 6 ECOMn Cleared to disable the comparator function. Set to enable the comparator function. Capture Positive 5 CAPPn Cleared to disable positive edge capture. Set to enable positive edge capture. Capture Negative 4 CAPNn Cleared to disable negative edge capture. Set to enable negative edge capture. Match 3 MATn When MATn = 1, a match of the PCA counter with this module's compare/capture register causes the CCFn bit in CCON to be set, flagging an interrupt. Toggle 2 TOGn When TOGn = 1, a match of the PCA counter with this module's compare/capture register causes the CEXn pin to toggle. Pulse Width Modulation Mode 1 PWMn Cleared to disable the CEXn pin to be used as a pulse width modulated output. Set to enable the CEXn pin to be used as a pulse width modulated output. Enable CCF Interrupt 0 ECCFn Cleared to disable compare/capture flag CCFn in the CCON register to generate an interrupt. Set to enable compare/capture flag CCFn in the CCON register to generate an interrupt. 5 CAPPn 4 CAPNn 3 MATn 2 TOGn 1 PWMn 0 ECCFn Reset Value = X000 0000b Not bit addressable 59 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 51. PCA Module Modes (CCAPMn Registers) ECOMn 0 X CAPPn 0 1 CAPNn 0 0 MATn 0 0 TOGn 0 0 PWM m 0 0 ECCF n Module Function 0 X No Operation 16-bit capture by a positiveedge trigger on CEXn 16-bit capture by a negative trigger on CEXn 16-bit capture by a transition on CEXn 16-bit Software Timer/Compare mode. 16-bit High Speed Output 8-bit PWM Watchdog Timer (module 4 only) X 0 1 0 0 0 X X 1 1 0 0 0 X 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 0 0 1 0 X X 0 X There are two additional registers associated with each of the PCA modules. They are CCAPnH and CCAPnL and these are the registers that store the 16-bit count when a capture occurs or a compare should occur. When a module is used in the PWM mode these registers are used to control the duty cycle of the output (see Table 52 and Table 53) 60 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 52. CCAPnH Registers (n = 0-4) CCAP0H - PCA Module 0 Compare/Capture Control Register High (0FAh) CCAP1H - PCA Module 1 Compare/Capture Control Register High (0FBh) CCAP2H - PCA Module 2 Compare/Capture Control Register High (0FCh) CCAP3H - PCA Module 3 Compare/Capture Control Register High (0FDh) CCAP4H - PCA Module 4 Compare/Capture Control Register High (0FEh) 7 Bit Number 7-0 6 Bit Mnemonic Description PCA Module n Compare/Capture Control CCAPnH Value 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb Not bit addressable Table 53. CCAPnL Registers (n = 0-4) CCAP0L - PCA Module 0 Compare/Capture Control Register Low (0EAh) CCAP1L - PCA Module 1 Compare/Capture Control Register Low (0EBh) CCAP2L - PCA Module 2 Compare/Capture Control Register Low (0ECh) CCAP3L - PCA Module 3 Compare/Capture Control Register Low (0EDh) CCAP4L - PCA Module 4 Compare/Capture Control Register Low (0EEh) 7 Bit Number 7-0 6 Bit Mnemonic Description PCA Module n Compare/Capture Control CCAPnL Value 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb Not bit addressable Table 54. CH Register CH - PCA Counter Register High (0F9h) 7 Bit Number 7-0 6 Bit Mnemonic Description PCA counter CH Value 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Reset Value = 0000 0000b Not bit addressable 61 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 55. CL Register CL - PCA Counter Register Low (0E9h) 7 Bit Number 7-0 6 Bit Mnemonic Description PCA Counter CL Value 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Reset Value = 0000 0000b Not bit addressable PCA Capture Mode To use one of the PCA modules in the capture mode either one or both of the CCAPM bits CAPN and CAPP for that module must be set. The external CEX input for the module (on port 1) is sampled for a transition. When a valid transition occurs the PCA hardware loads the value of the PCA counter registers (CH and CL) into the module's capture registers (CCAPnL and CCAPnH). If the CCFn bit for the module in the CCON SFR and the ECCFn bit in the CCAPMn SFR are set then an interrupt will be generated (see Figure 30). Figure 30. PCA Capture Mode CF CR CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON 0xD8 PCA IT PCA Counter/Timer Cex.n Capture CH CL CCAPnH CCAPnL ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 0xDA to 0xDE 16-bit Software Timer/Compare Mode The PCA modules can be used as software timers by setting both the ECOM and MAT bits in the modules CCAPMn register. The PCA timer will be compared to the module's capture registers and when a match occurs an interrupt will occur if the CCFn (CCON SFR) and the ECCFn (CCAPMn SFR) bits for the module are both set (see Figure 31). 62 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 31. PCA Compare Mode and PCA Watchdog Timer CCON CF Write to CCAPnL Write to CCAPnH 1 0 Enable 16-bit Comparator RESET(1) Reset PCA IT CCAPnH CCAPnL Match CR CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 0xD8 CH CL PCA Counter/Timer ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 0xDA to 0xDE CIDL WDTE CPS1 CPS0 ECF CMOD 0xD9 Note: 1. Only for Module 4 Before enabling ECOM bit, CCAPnL and CCAPnH should be set with a non zero value, otherwise an unwanted match could happen. Writing to CCAPnH will set the ECOM bit. Once ECOM set, writing CCAPnL will clear ECOM so that an unwanted match doesn't occur while modifying the compare value. Writing to CCAPnH will set ECOM. For this reason, user software should write CCAPnL first, and then CCAPnH. Of course, the ECOM bit can still be controlled by accessing to CCAPMn register. High Speed Output Mode In this mode, the CEX output (on port 1) associated with the PCA module will toggle each time a match occurs between the PCA counter and the module's capture registers. To activate this mode the TOG, MAT, and ECOM bits in the module's CCAPMn SFR must be set (see Figure 32). A prior write must be done to CCAPnL and CCAPnH before writing the ECOMn bit. 63 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 32. PCA High-speed Output Mode CCON CF CR CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 0xD8 Write to CCAPnL Reset PCA IT Write to CCAPnH 0 CCAPnH Enable 16-bit Comparator CCAPnL Match 1 CH CL CEXn PCA counter/timer CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 0xDA to 0xDE ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn Before enabling ECOM bit, CCAPnL and CCAPnH should be set with a non zero value, otherwise an unwanted match could happen. Once ECOM set, writing CCAPnL will clear ECOM so that an unwanted match doesn't occur while modifying the compare value. Writing to CCAPnH will set ECOM. For this reason, user software should write CCAPnL first, and then CCAPnH. Of course, the ECOM bit can still be controlled by accessing to CCAPMn register. Pulse Width Modulator Mode All of the PCA modules can be used as PWM outputs. Figure 33 shows the PWM function. The frequency of the output depends on the source for the PCA timer. All of the modules will have the same frequency of output because they all share the PCA timer. The duty cycle of each module is independently variable using the module's capture register CCAPLn. When the value of the PCA CL SFR is less than the value in the module's CCAPLn SFR the output will be low, when it is equal to or greater than the output will be high. When CL overflows from FF to 00, CCAPLn is reloaded with the value in CCAPHn. This allows updating the PWM without glitches. The PWM and ECOM bits in the module's CCAPMn register must be set to enable the PWM mode. 64 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 33. PCA PWM Mode CCAPnH Overflow CCAPnL "0" Enable 8-bit Comparator < "1" CEXn CL PCA Counter/Timer ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 0xDA to 0xDE PCA Watchdog Timer An on-board watchdog timer is available with the PCA to improve the reliability of the system without increasing chip count. Watchdog timers are useful for systems that are susceptible to noise, power glitches, or electrostatic discharge. Module 4 is the only PCA module that can be programmed as a watchdog. However, this module can still be used for other modes if the watchdog is not needed. Figure 31 shows a diagram of how the watchdog works. The user pre-loads a 16-bit value in the compare registers. Just like the other compare modes, this 16-bit value is compared to the PCA timer value. If a match is allowed to occur, an internal reset will be generated. This will not cause the RST pin to be driven low. In order to hold off the reset, the user has three options: 1. Periodically change the compare value so it will never match the PCA timer 2. Periodically change the PCA timer value so it will never match the compare values, or 3. Disable the watchdog by clearing the WDTE bit before a match occurs and then re-enable it The first two options are more reliable because the watchdog timer is never disabled as in option #3. If the program counter ever goes astray, a match will eventually occur and cause an internal reset. The second option is also not recommended if other PCA modules are being used. Remember, the PCA timer is the time base for all modules; changing the time base for other modules would not be a good idea. Thus, in most applications the first solution is the best option. This watchdog timer won't generate a reset out on the reset pin. 65 4338F-USB-08/07 Serial I/O Port The serial I/O port in the AT89C5131A-L is compatible with the serial I/O port in the 80C52. It provides both synchronous and asynchronous communication modes. It operates as an Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART) in three full-duplex modes (modes 1, 2 and 3). Asynchronous transmission and reception can occur simultaneously and at different baud rates. Serial I/O port includes the following enhancements: * * Framing error detection Automatic address recognition Framing Error Detection Framing bit error detection is provided for the three asynchronous modes (modes 1, 2 and 3). To enable the framing bit error detection feature, set SMOD0 bit in PCON register (see Figure 34). Figure 34. Framing Error Block Diagram SM0/FE SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI SCON (98h) Set FE Bit if Stop Bit is 0 (framing error) (SMOD0 = 1) SM0 to UART Mode Control (SMOD0 = 0) SMOD1 SMOD0 POF GF1 GF0 PD IDL PCON (87h) To UART Framing Error Control When this feature is enabled, the receiver checks each incoming data frame for a valid stop bit. An invalid stop bit may result from noise on the serial lines or from simultaneous transmission by two CPUs. If a valid stop bit is not found, the Framing Error bit (FE) in SCON register (See Table 56) bit is set. Software may examine FE bit after each reception to check for data errors. Once set, only software or a reset can clear FE bit. Subsequently received frames with valid stop bits cannot clear FE bit. When FE feature is enabled, RI rises on stop bit instead of the last data bit (See Figure 35 and Figure 36). Figure 35. UART Timings in Mode 1 RXD Start Bit RI SMOD0 = X FE SMOD0 = 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Stop Bit Data Byte 66 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 36. UART Timings in Modes 2 and 3 RXD Start Bit RI SMOD0 = 0 RI SMOD0 = 1 FE SMOD0 = 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 Ninth Stop Bit Bit Data Byte Automatic Address Recognition The automatic address recognition feature is enabled when the multiprocessor communication feature is enabled (SM2 bit in SCON register is set). Implemented in hardware, automatic address recognition enhances the multiprocessor communication feature by allowing the serial port to examine the address of each incoming command frame. Only when the serial port recognizes its own address, the receiver sets RI bit in SCON register to generate an interrupt. This ensures that the CPU is not interrupted by command frames addressed to other devices. If desired, you may enable the automatic address recognition feature in mode 1. In this configuration, the stop bit takes the place of the ninth data bit. Bit RI is set only when the received command frame address matches the device's address and is terminated by a valid stop bit. To support automatic address recognition, a device is identified by a given address and a broadcast address. Note: The multiprocessor communication and automatic address recognition features cannot be enabled in mode 0 (i.e., setting SM2 bit in SCON register in mode 0 has no effect). Given Address Each device has an individual address that is specified in SADDR register; the SADEN register is a mask byte that contains don't care bits (defined by zeros) to form the device's given address. The don't care bits provide the flexibility to address one or more slaves at a time. The following example illustrates how a given address is formed. To address a device by its individual address, the SADEN mask byte must be 1111 1111b. For example: SADDR0101 0110b SADEN1111 1100b Given0101 01XXb The following is an example of how to use given addresses to address different slaves: Slave A:SADDR1111 0001b SADEN1111 1010b Given1111 0X0Xb Slave B:SADDR1111 0011b SADEN1111 1001b Given1111 0XX1b Slave C:SADDR1111 0011b SADEN1111 1101b Given1111 00X1b 67 4338F-USB-08/07 The SADEN byte is selected so that each slave may be addressed separately. For slave A, bit 0 (the LSB) is a don't care bit; for slaves B and C, bit 0 is a 1. To communicate with slave A only, the master must send an address where bit 0 is clear (e.g. 1111 0000b). For slave A, bit 1 is a 1; for slaves B and C, bit 1 is a don't care bit. To communicate with slaves B and C, but not slave A, the master must send an address with bits 0 and 1 both set (e.g. 1111 0011b). To communicate with slaves A, B and C, the master must send an address with bit 0 set, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 clear (e.g. 1111 0001b). Broadcast Address A broadcast address is formed from the logical OR of the SADDR and SADEN registers with zeros defined as don't care bits, e.g.: SADDR0101 0110b SADEN1111 1100b Broadcast = SADDR OR SADEN1111 111Xb The use of don't care bits provides flexibility in defining the broadcast address, in most applications, a broadcast address is FFh. The following is an example of using broadcast addresses: Slave A:SADDR1111 0001b SADEN1111 1010b Broadcast1111 1X11b, Slave B:SADDR1111 0011b SADEN1111 1001b Broadcast1111 1X11B, Slave C:SADDR = 1111 0011b SADEN1111 1101b Broadcast1111 1111b For slaves A and B, bit 2 is a don't care bit; for slave C, bit 2 is set. To communicate with all of the slaves, the master must send an address FFh. To communicate with slaves A and B, but not slave C, the master can send and address FBh. Reset Addresses On reset, the SADDR and SADEN registers are initialized to 00h, i.e. the given and broadcast addresses are XXXX XXXXb (all don't care bits). This ensures that the serial port will reply to any address, and so, that it is backwards compatible with the 80C51 microcontrollers that do not support automatic address recognition. SADEN - Slave Address Mask Register (B9h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b Not bit addressable 68 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L SADDR - Slave Address Register (A9h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b Not bit addressable Baud Rate Selection for UART for Mode 1 and 3 The Baud Rate Generator for transmit and receive clocks can be selected separately via the T2CON and BDRCON registers. Figure 37. Baud Rate Selection TIMER1 TIMER2 0 1 RCLK INT_BRG RBCK TIMER_BRG_RX 0 1 / 16 Rx Clock TIMER1 TIMER2 0 1 TCLK TIMER_BRG_TX 0 1 / 16 Tx Clock INT_BRG TBCK Baud Rate Selection Table for UART TCLK (T2CON) 0 1 0 1 X X 0 1 X RCLK (T2CON) 0 0 1 1 0 1 X X X TBCK (BDRCON) 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 RBCK (BDRCON) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Clock Source UART Tx Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 1 Timer 2 INT_BRG INT_BRG Timer 1 Timer 2 INT_BRG Clock Source UART Rx Timer 1 Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 2 Timer 1 Timer 2 INT_BRG INT_BRG INT_BRG Internal Baud Rate Generator (BRG) When the internal Baud Rate Generator is used, the Baud Rates are determined by the BRG overflow depending on the BRL reload value, the value of SPD bit (Speed Mode) in BDRCON register and the value of the SMOD1 bit in PCON register. 69 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 38. Internal Baud Rate Peripheral Clock /6 0 1 SPD BRR BRL auto reload counter overflow BRG /2 0 1 SMOD1 INT_BRG * The baud rate for UART is token by formula: Baud_Rate = 2x6 2SMOD1 x FCLK PERIPH (1-SPD) x 16 x [256 - (BRL)] (BRL) = 256 2x6 2SMOD1 x FCLK PERIPH (1-SPD) x 16 x Baud_Rate 70 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 56. SCON Register - SCON Serial Control Register (98h) 7 FE/SM0 Bit Number 6 SM1 Bit Mnemonic Description Framing Error bit (SMOD0 = 1) Clear to reset the error state, not cleared by a valid stop bit. Set by hardware when an invalid stop bit is detected. SMOD0 must be set to enable access to the FE bit Serial port Mode bit 0 Refer to SM1 for serial port mode selection. SMOD0 must be cleared to enable access to the SM0 bit Serial port Mode bit 1 SM0SM1ModeDescriptionBaud Rate 0 0 0 Shift RegisterFCPU PERIPH/6 0 1 1 8-bit UARTVariable 1 0 2 9-bit UARTFCPU PERIPH/32 or/16 1 1 3 9-bit UART Variable 5 SM2 4 REN 3 TB8 2 RB8 1 TI 0 RI FE 7 SM0 6 SM1 5 SM2 Serial port Mode 2 bit/Multiprocessor Communication Enable bit Clear to disable multiprocessor communication feature. Set to enable multiprocessor communication feature in mode 2 and 3, and eventually mode 1. This bit should be cleared in mode 0. Reception Enable bit Clear to disable serial reception. Set to enable serial reception. Transmitter Bit 8/Ninth bit to Transmit in Modes 2 and 3 4 REN 3 TB8 Clear to transmit a logic 0 in the 9th bit. Set to transmit a logic 1 in the 9th bit. Receiver Bit 8/Ninth bit received in modes 2 and 3 Cleared by hardware if 9th bit received is a logic 0. Set by hardware if 9th bit received is a logic 1. In mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the received stop bit. In mode 0 RB8 is not used. Transmit Interrupt flag Clear to acknowledge interrupt. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in mode 0 or at the beginning of the stop bit in the other modes. Receive Interrupt flag Clear to acknowledge interrupt. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in mode 0, see Figure 35. and Figure 36. in the other modes. 2 RB8 1 TI 0 RI Reset Value = 0000 0000b Bit addressable 71 4338F-USB-08/07 Example of computed value when X2 = 1, SMOD1 = 1, SPD = 1 Baud Rates FOSC = 16.384 MHz BRL 115200 57600 38400 28800 19200 9600 4800 247 238 229 220 203 149 43 Error (%) 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 0.63 0.31 1.23 BRL 243 230 217 204 178 100 FOSC = 24 MHz Error (%) 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 - Example of computed value when X2 = 0, SMOD1 = 0, SPD = 0 FOSC = 16.384 MHz Baud Rates 4800 2400 1200 600 BRL 247 238 220 185 Error (%) 1.23 1.23 1.23 0.16 BRL 243 230 202 152 FOSC = 24 MHz Error (%) 0.16 0.16 3.55 0.16 The baud rate generator can be used for mode 1 or 3 (refer to Figure 37.), but also for mode 0 for UART, thanks to the bit SRC located in BDRCON register (Table 59.) UART Registers SADEN - Slave Address Mask Register for UART (B9h) 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 - Reset Value = 0000 0000b SADDR - Slave Address Register for UART (A9h) 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 - Reset Value = 0000 0000b SBUF - Serial Buffer Register for UART (99h) 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 - Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb 72 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L BRL - Baud Rate Reload Register for the internal baud rate generator, UART (9Ah) 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 - Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 57. T2CON Register T2CON - Timer 2 Control Register (C8h) 7 TF2 Bit Number 6 EXF2 Bit Mnemonic Description Timer 2 overflow Flag Must be cleared by software. Set by hardware on Timer 2 overflow, if RCLK = 0 and TCLK = 0. Timer 2 External Flag Set when a capture or a reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. When set, causes the CPU to vector to Timer 2 interrupt routine when Timer 2 interrupt is enabled. Must be cleared by software. EXF2 doesn't cause an interrupt in Up/down counter mode (DCEN = 1) Receive Clock bit for UART Cleared to use Timer 1 overflow as receive clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Set to use Timer 2 overflow as receive clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Transmit Clock bit for UART Cleared to use Timer 1 overflow as transmit clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Set to use Timer 2 overflow as transmit clock for serial port in mode 1 or 3. Timer 2 External Enable bit Cleared to ignore events on T2EX pin for Timer 2 operation. Set to cause a capture or reload when a negative transition on T2EX pin is detected, if Timer 2 is not used to clock the serial port. Timer 2 Run control bit Cleared to turn off Timer 2. Set to turn on Timer 2. Timer/Counter 2 select bit Cleared for timer operation (input from internal clock system: FCLK PERIPH). Set for counter operation (input from T2 input pin, falling edge trigger). Must be 0 for clock out mode. Timer 2 Capture/Reload bit If RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, CP/RL2# is ignored and timer is forced to Auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow. Cleared to Auto-reload on Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. Set to capture on negative transitions on T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. 5 RCLK 4 TCLK 3 EXEN2 2 TR2 1 C/T2# 0 CP/RL2# 7 TF2 6 EXF2 5 RCLK 4 TCLK 3 EXEN2 2 TR2 1 C/T2# 0 CP/RL2# Reset Value = 0000 0000b Bit addressable 73 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 58. PCON Register PCON - Power Control Register (87h) 7 SMOD1 Bit Number 7 6 SMOD0 Bit Mnemonic SMOD1 Description Serial port Mode bit 1 for UART Set to select double baud rate in mode 1, 2 or 3. Serial port Mode bit 0 for UART 6 SMOD0 Cleared to select SM0 bit in SCON register. Set to select FE bit in SCON register. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Power-Off Flag Cleared to recognize next reset type. Set by hardware when VCC rises from 0 to its nominal voltage. Can also be set by software. General-purpose Flag Cleared by user for general-purpose usage. Set by user for general-purpose usage. General-purpose Flag Cleared by user for general-purpose usage. Set by user for general-purpose usage. Power-down Mode Bit Cleared by hardware when reset occurs. Set to enter power-down mode. Idle Mode Bit Cleared by hardware when interrupt or reset occurs. Set to enter idle mode. 5 4 POF 3 GF1 2 GF0 1 PD 0 IDL 5 - 4 POF 3 GF1 2 GF0 1 PD 0 IDL Reset Value = 00X1 0000b Not bit addressable Power-off flag reset value will be 1 only after a power on (cold reset). A warm reset doesn't affect the value of this bit. 74 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 59. BDRCON Register BDRCON - Baud Rate Control Register (9Bh) 7 Bit Number 7 6 Bit Mnemonic 5 4 BRR 3 TBCK 2 RBCK 1 SPD 0 SRC Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Baud Rate Run Control bit Cleared to stop the internal Baud Rate Generator. Set to start the internal Baud Rate Generator. Transmission Baud rate Generator Selection bit for UART Cleared to select Timer 1 or Timer 2 for the Baud Rate Generator. Set to select internal Baud Rate Generator. Reception Baud Rate Generator Selection bit for UART Cleared to select Timer 1 or Timer 2 for the Baud Rate Generator. Set to select internal Baud Rate Generator. Baud Rate Speed Control bit for UART Cleared to select the SLOW Baud Rate Generator. Set to select the FAST Baud Rate Generator. Baud Rate Source select bit in Mode 0 for UART 6 - 5 - 4 BRR 3 TBCK 2 RBCK 1 SPD 0 SRC Cleared to select FOSC/12 as the Baud Rate Generator (FCLK PERIPH/6 in X2 mode). Set to select the internal Baud Rate Generator for UARTs in mode 0. Reset Value = XXX0 0000b Not bit addressable 75 4338F-USB-08/07 Interrupt System Overview The AT89C5131A-L has a total of 11 interrupt vectors: two external interrupts (INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts (timers 0, 1 and 2), the serial port interrupt, SPI interrupt, Keyboard interrupt, USB interrupt and the PCA global interrupt. These interrupts are shown in Figure 39. Figure 39. Interrupt Control System TCON.0 IPH, IPL 0 IE0 0 1 3 3 High priority interrupt IT0 INT0 TF0 TCON.2 IT1 INT1 0 0 IE1 0 1 3 3 Interrupt Polling Sequence, Decreasing From High-to-Low Priority TF1 0 3 PCA IT 0 RI TI 3 0 3 0 3 KBD IT 0 3 TWI IT SPI IT 0 USBINT UEPINT 3 0 0 3 TF2 EXF2 Individual Enable Global Disable Low Priority Interrupt 76 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Each of the interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Enable register (Table 61). This register also contains a global disable bit, which must be cleared to disable all interrupts at once. Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one out of four priority levels by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Priority register (Table 62.) and in the Interrupt Priority High register (Table 63). Table 60. shows the bit values and priority levels associated with each combination. Registers The PCA interrupt vector is located at address 0033H, the SPI interrupt vector is located at address 004BH and Keyboard interrupt vector is located at address 003BH. All other vectors addresses are the same as standard C52 devices. Table 60. Priority Level Bit Values IPH.x 0 0 1 1 IPL.x 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Level Priority 0 (Lowest) 1 2 3 (Highest) A low-priority interrupt can be interrupted by a high priority interrupt, but not by another low-priority interrupt. A high-priority interrupt can't be interrupted by any other interrupt source. If two interrupt requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the request of higher priority level is serviced. If interrupt requests of the same priority level are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. Thus within each priority level there is a second priority structure determined by the polling sequence. 77 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 61. IEN0 Register IEN0 - Interrupt Enable Register (A8h) 7 EA Bit Number 6 EC Bit Mnemonic Description Enable All interrupt bit Cleared to disable all interrupts. Set to enable all interrupts. PCA interrupt enable bit Cleared to disable. Set to enable. Timer 2 overflow interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable Timer 2 overflow interrupt. Set to enable Timer 2 overflow interrupt. Serial port Enable bit Cleared to disable serial port interrupt. Set to enable serial port interrupt. Timer 1 overflow interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable Timer 1 overflow interrupt. Set to enable Timer 1 overflow interrupt. External interrupt 1 Enable bit Cleared to disable external interrupt 1. Set to enable external interrupt 1. Timer 0 overflow interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable timer 0 overflow interrupt. Set to enable timer 0 overflow interrupt. External interrupt 0 Enable bit Cleared to disable external interrupt 0. Set to enable external interrupt 0. 5 ET2 4 ES 3 ET1 2 EX1 1 ET0 0 EX0 7 EA 6 EC 5 ET2 4 ES 3 ET1 2 EX1 1 ET0 0 EX0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b Bit addressable 78 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 62. IPL0 Register IPL0 - Interrupt Priority Register (B8h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 PPCL Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. PCA interrupt Priority bit Refer to PPCH for priority level. Timer 2 overflow interrupt Priority bit Refer to PT2H for priority level. Serial port Priority bit Refer to PSH for priority level. Timer 1 overflow interrupt Priority bit Refer to PT1H for priority level. External interrupt 1 Priority bit Refer to PX1H for priority level. Timer 0 overflow interrupt Priority bit Refer to PT0H for priority level. External interrupt 0 Priority bit Refer to PX0H for priority level. 5 PT2L 4 PSL 3 PT1L 2 PX1L 1 PT0L 0 PX0L 6 PPCL 5 PT2L 4 PSL 3 PT1L 2 PX1L 1 PT0L 0 PX0L Reset Value = X000 0000b Bit addressable 79 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 63. IPH0 Register IPH0 - Interrupt Priority High Register (B7h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 PPCH Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. PCA interrupt Priority high bit. PPCHPPCLPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Timer 2 overflow interrupt Priority High bit PT2HPT2LPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Serial port Priority High bit PSHPSLPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Timer 1 overflow interrupt Priority High bit PT1HPT1LPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest External interrupt 1 Priority High bit PX1HPX1LPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Timer 0 overflow interrupt Priority High bit PT0HPT0LPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest External interrupt 0 Priority High bit PX0HPX0LPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest 5 PT2H 4 PSH 3 PT1H 2 PX1H 1 PT0H 0 PX0H 6 PPCH 5 PT2H 4 PSH 3 PT1H 2 PX1H 1 PT0H 0 PX0H Reset Value = X000 0000b Not bit addressable 80 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 64. IEN1 Register IEN1 - Interrupt Enable Register (B1h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 EUSB Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved USB Interrupt Enable bit 6 EUSB Cleared to disable USB interrupt. Set to enable USB interrupt. Reserved Reserved Reserved SPI interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable SPI interrupt. Set to enable SPI interrupt. TWI interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable TWI interrupt. Set to enable TWI interrupt. Keyboard interrupt Enable bit Cleared to disable keyboard interrupt. Set to enable keyboard interrupt. 5 4 3 2 ESPI 1 ETWI 0 EKB 5 4 3 - 2 ESPI 1 ETWI 0 EKB Reset Value = X0XX X000b Not bit addressable 81 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 65. IPL1 Register IPL1 - Interrupt Priority Register (B2h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 PUSBL Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. USB Interrupt Priority bit Refer to PUSBH for priority level. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. SPI Interrupt Priority bit Refer to PSPIH for priority level. TWI Interrupt Priority bit Refer to PTWIH for priority level. Keyboard Interrupt Priority bit Refer to PKBH for priority level. 5 4 3 2 PSPIL 1 PTWIL 0 PKBDL 6 PUSBL 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 PSPIL 1 PTWIL 0 PKBL Reset Value = X0XX X000b Not bit addressable 82 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 66. IPH1 Register IPH1 - Interrupt Priority High Register (B3h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 PUSBH Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. USB Interrupt Priority High bit PUSBHPUSBLPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. SPI Interrupt Priority High bit PSPIHPSPILPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest TWI Interrupt Priority High bit PTWIHPTWILPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest Keyboard Interrupt Priority High bit PKBHPKBLPriority Level 0 0Lowest 01 10 1 1Highest 5 4 3 2 PSPIH 1 PTWIH 0 PKBH 6 PUSBH 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 PSPIH 1 PTWIH 0 PKBH Reset Value = X0XX X000b Not bit addressable 83 4338F-USB-08/07 Interrupt Sources and Vector Addresses Table 67. Vector Table Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Polling Priority 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 USB UEPINT + USBINT Interrupt Source Reset INT0 Timer 0 INT1 Timer 1 UART Timer 2 PCA Keyboard TWI SPI IE0 TF0 IE1 IF1 RI+TI TF2+EXF2 CF + CCFn (n = 0-4) KBDIT TWIIT SPIIT Interrupt Request Vector Address 0000h 0003h 000Bh 0013h 001Bh 0023h 002Bh 0033h 003Bh 0043h 004Bh 0053h 005Bh 0063h 006Bh 0073h 84 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Keyboard Interface Introduction The AT89C5131A-L implements a keyboard interface allowing the connection of a 8 x n matrix keyboard. It is based on 8 inputs with programmable interrupt capability on both high or low level. These inputs are available as an alternate function of P1 and allow to exit from idle and power down modes. The keyboard interface communicates with the C51 core through 3 special function registers: KBLS, the Keyboard Level Selection register (Table 70), KBE, The Keyboard interrupt Enable register (Table 69), and KBF, the Keyboard Flag register (Table 68). The keyboard inputs are considered as 8 independent interrupt sources sharing the same interrupt vector. An interrupt enable bit (KBD in IE1) allows global enable or disable of the keyboard interrupt (see Figure 40). As detailed in Figure 41 each keyboard input has the capability to detect a programmable level according to KBLS.x bit value. Level detection is then reported in interrupt flags KBF.x that can be masked by software using KBE.x bits. This structure allow keyboard arrangement from 1 by n to 8 by n matrix and allow usage of P1 inputs for other purpose. Figure 40. Keyboard Interface Block Diagram P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 Input Circuitry Input Circuitry Input Circuitry Input Circuitry KBDIT Input Circuitry Input Circuitry Input Circuitry Input Circuitry KBD IE1.0 Description Interrupt Keyboard Interface Interrupt Request Figure 41. Keyboard Input Circuitry Vcc 0 P1:x 1 Internal Pull-up KBF.x KBE.x KBLS.x 85 4338F-USB-08/07 Power Reduction Mode P1 inputs allow exit from idle and power down modes as detailed in section "Powerdown Mode". Table 68. KBF Register KBF - Keyboard Flag Register (9Eh) 7 KBF7 Bit Number 6 KBF6 5 KBF5 4 KBF4 3 KBF3 2 KBF2 1 KBF1 0 KBF0 Registers Bit Mnemonic Description Keyboard line 7 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 7 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBKBIE.7 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 6 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 6 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.6 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 5 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 5 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.5 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 4 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 4 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.4 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 3 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 3 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.3 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 2 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 2 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.2 bit in KBIE register is set. Must be cleared by software. Keyboard line 1 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 1 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.1 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. Keyboard line 0 flag Set by hardware when the Port line 0 detects a programmed level. It generates a Keyboard interrupt request if the KBIE.0 bit in KBIE register is set. Cleared by hardware when reading KBF SFR by software. 7 KBF7 6 KBF6 5 KBF5 4 KBF4 3 KBF3 2 KBF2 1 KBF1 0 KBF0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b 86 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 69. KBE Register KBE - Keyboard Input Enable Register (9Dh) 7 KBE7 Bit Number 6 KBE6 5 KBE5 4 KBE4 3 KBE3 2 KBE2 1 KBE1 0 KBE0 Bit Mnemonic Description Keyboard line 7 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.7 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 6 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.6 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 5 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.5 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 4 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.4 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 3 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.3 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 2 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.2 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 1 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.1 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. Keyboard line 0 Enable bit Cleared to enable standard I/O pin. Set to enable KBF.0 bit in KBF register to generate an interrupt request. 7 KBE7 6 KBE6 5 KBE5 4 KBE4 3 KBE3 2 KBE2 1 KBE1 0 KBE0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b 87 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 70. KBLS Register KBLS-Keyboard Level Selector Register (9Ch) 7 KBLS7 Bit Number 6 KBLS6 5 KBLS5 4 KBLS4 3 KBLS3 2 KBLS2 1 KBLS1 0 KBLS0 Bit Mnemonic Description Keyboard line 7 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 7. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 7. Keyboard line 6 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 6. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 6. Keyboard line 5 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 5. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 5. Keyboard line 4 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 4. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 4. Keyboard line 3 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 3. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 3. Keyboard line 2 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 2. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 2. Keyboard line 1 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 1. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 1. Keyboard line 0 Level Selection bit Cleared to enable a low level detection on Port line 0. Set to enable a high level detection on Port line 0. 7 KBLS7 6 KBLS6 5 KBLS5 4 KBLS4 3 KBLS3 2 KBLS2 1 KBLS1 0 KBLS0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b 88 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Programmable LED AT89C5131A-L have up to 4 programmable LED current sources, configured by the register LEDCON. Table 71. LEDCON Register LEDCON (S:F1h) LED Control Register 7 LED3 Bit Number Bit Mnemonic 6 5 LED2 4 3 LED1 2 1 LED0 0 Description PortLED3Configuration 0 0Standard C51 Port 0 12 mA current source when P3.7 is low 1 04 mA current source when P3.7 is low 1 110 mA current source when P3.7 is low Port/LED2Configuration 0 0Standard C51 Port 0 12 mA current source when P3.6 is low 1 04 mA current source when P3.6 is low 1 110 mA current source when P3.6 is low Port/LED1Configuration 0 0Standard C51 Port 0 12 mA current source when P3.5 is low 1 04 mA current source when P3.5 is low 1 110 mA current source when P3.5 is low Port/LED0Configuration 0 0Standard C51 Port 0 12 mA current source when P3.3 is low 1 04 mA current source when P3.3 is low 1 110 mA current source when P3.3 is low 7:6 LED3 5:4 LED2 3:2 LED1 1:0 LED0 Reset Value = 00h 89 4338F-USB-08/07 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Features The Serial Peripheral Interface module (SPI) allows full-duplex, synchronous, serial communication between the MCU and peripheral devices, including other MCUs. Features of the SPI module include the following: * * * * * * Full-duplex, three-wire synchronous transfers Master or Slave operation Eight programmable Master clock rates Serial clock with programmable polarity and phase Master mode fault error flag with MCU interrupt capability Write collision flag protection Signal Description Figure 42 shows a typical SPI bus configuration using one Master controller and many Slave peripherals. The bus is made of three wires connecting all the devices: Figure 42. SPI Master/Slaves Interconnection MISO MOSI SCK SS Slave 1 MISO MOSI SCK SS VDD Master 0 1 2 3 PORT MISO MOSI SCK SS Slave 4 Slave 3 MISO MOSI SCK SS Slave 2 The Master device selects the individual Slave devices by using four pins of a parallel port to control the four SS pins of the Slave devices. Master Output Slave Input (MOSI) This 1-bit signal is directly connected between the Master Device and a Slave Device. The MOSI line is used to transfer data in series from the Master to the Slave. Therefore, it is an output signal from the Master, and an input signal to a Slave. A byte (8-bit word) is transmitted most significant bit (MSB) first, least significant bit (LSB) last. This 1-bit signal is directly connected between the Slave Device and a Master Device. The MISO line is used to transfer data in series from the Slave to the Master. Therefore, it is an output signal from the Slave, and an input signal to the Master. A byte (8-bit word) is transmitted most significant bit (MSB) first, least significant bit (LSB) last. This signal is used to synchronize the data movement both in and out the devices through their MOSI and MISO lines. It is driven by the Master for eight clock cycles which allows to exchange one byte on the serial lines. Each Slave peripheral is selected by one Slave Select pin (SS). This signal must stay low for any message for a Slave. It is obvious that only one Master (SS high level) can drive the network. The Master may select each Slave device by software through port Master Input Slave Output (MISO) SPI Serial Clock (SCK) Slave Select (SS) 90 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 MISO MOSI SCK SS AT89C5131A-L pins (Figure 42). To prevent bus conflicts on the MISO line, only one slave should be selected at a time by the Master for a transmission. In a Master configuration, the SS line can be used in conjunction with the MODF flag in the SPI Status register (SPSTA) to prevent multiple masters from driving MOSI and SCK (see Section "Error Conditions", page 95). A high level on the SS pin puts the MISO line of a Slave SPI in a high-impedance state. The SS pin could be used as a general-purpose if the following conditions are met: * The device is configured as a Master and the SSDIS control bit in SPCON is set. This kind of configuration can be found when only one Master is driving the network and there is no way that the SS pin could be pulled low. Therefore, the MODF flag in the SPSTA will never be set(1). The Device is configured as a Slave with CPHA and SSDIS control bits set(2) This kind of configuration can happen when the system comprises one Master and one Slave only. Therefore, the device should always be selected and there is no reason that the Master uses the SS pin to select the communicating Slave device. 1. Clearing SSDIS control bit does not clear MODF. 2. Special care should be taken not to set SSDIS control bit when CPHA ='0' because in this mode, the SS is used to start the transmission. * Notes: Baud Rate In Master mode, the baud rate can be selected from a baud rate generator which is controlled by three bits in the SPCON register: SPR2, SPR1 and SPR0. The Master clock is chosen from one of seven clock rates resulting from the division of the internal clock by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128. Table 72 gives the different clock rates selected by SPR2:SPR1:SPR0: Table 72. SPI Master Baud Rate Selection SPR2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 SPR1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 SPR0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Clock Rate Don't Use FCLK PERIPH/4 FCLK PERIPH/8 FCLK PERIPH/16 FCLK PERIPH/32 FCLK PERIPH/64 FCLK PERIPH/128 Don't Use Baud Rate Divisor (BD) No BRG 4 8 16 32 64 128 No BRG 91 4338F-USB-08/07 Functional Description Figure 43 shows a detailed structure of the SPI module. Figure 43. SPI Module Block Diagram Internal Bus SPDAT FCLK PERIPH Shift Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Clock Divider /4 /8 /16 /32 /64 /128 Receive Data Register Pin Control Logic MOSI MISO Clock Logic Clock Select M S SCK SS SPR2 SPEN SSDIS MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0 SPCON SPI Control 8-bit bus 1-bit signal SPI Interrupt Request SPSTA SPIF WCOL SSERR MODF - Operating Modes The Serial Peripheral Interface can be configured as one of the two modes: Master mode or Slave mode. The configuration and initialization of the SPI module is made through one register: * * * * The Serial Peripheral CONtrol register (SPCON) SPCON The Serial Peripheral STAtus register (SPSTA) The Serial Peripheral DATa register (SPDAT) Once the SPI is configured, the data exchange is made using: During an SPI transmission, data is simultaneously transmitted (shifted out serially) and received (shifted in serially). A serial clock line (SCK) synchronizes shifting and sampling on the two serial data lines (MOSI and MISO). A Slave Select line (SS) allows individual selection of a Slave SPI device; Slave devices that are not selected do not interfere with SPI bus activities. When the Master device transmits data to the Slave device via the MOSI line, the Slave device responds by sending data to the Master device via the MISO line. This implies full-duplex transmission with both data out and data in synchronized with the same clock (Figure 44). 92 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 44. Full-duplex Master/Slave Interconnection MISO MOSI SPI Clock Generator SCK SS VDD MISO MOSI SCK SS VSS 8-bit Shift Register 8-bit Shift Register Master MCU Slave MCU Master Mode The SPI operates in Master mode when the Master bit, MSTR (1), in the SPCON register is set. Only one Master SPI device can initiate transmissions. Software begins the transmission from a Master SPI module by writing to the Serial Peripheral Data Register (SPDAT). If the shift register is empty, the byte is immediately transferred to the shift register. The byte begins shifting out on MOSI pin under the control of the serial clock, SCK. Simultaneously, another byte shifts in from the Slave on the Master's MISO pin. The transmission ends when the Serial Peripheral transfer data flag, SPIF, in SPSTA becomes set. At the same time that SPIF becomes set, the received byte from the Slave is transferred to the receive data register in SPDAT. Software clears SPIF by reading the Serial Peripheral Status register (SPSTA) with the SPIF bit set, and then reading the SPDAT. The SPI operates in Slave mode when the Master bit, MSTR (2), in the SPCON register is cleared. Before a data transmission occurs, the Slave Select pin, SS, of the Slave device must be set to'0'. SS must remain low until the transmission is complete. In a Slave SPI module, data enters the shift register under the control of the SCK from the Master SPI module. After a byte enters the shift register, it is immediately transferred to the receive data register in SPDAT, and the SPIF bit is set. To prevent an overflow condition, Slave software must then read the SPDAT before another byte enters the shift register (3). A Slave SPI must complete the write to the SPDAT (shift register) at least one bus cycle before the Master SPI starts a transmission. If the write to the data register is late, the SPI transmits the data already in the shift register from the previous transmission. Slave Mode Transmission Formats Software can select any of four combinations of serial clock (SCK) phase and polarity using two bits in the SPCON: the Clock POLarity (CPOL (4) ) and the Clock PHAse (CPHA4). CPOL defines the default SCK line level in idle state. It has no significant effect on the transmission format. CPHA defines the edges on which the input data are sampled and the edges on which the output data are shifted (Figure 45 and Figure 46). The clock phase and polarity should be identical for the Master SPI device and the communicating Slave device. 1. 2. 3. 4. The SPI module should be configured as a Master before it is enabled (SPEN set). Also the Master SPI should be configured before the Slave SPI. The SPI module should be configured as a Slave before it is enabled (SPEN set). The maximum frequency of the SCK for an SPI configured as a Slave is the bus clock speed. Before writing to the CPOL and CPHA bits, the SPI should be disabled (SPEN ='0'). 93 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 45. Data Transmission Format (CPHA = 0) SCK cycle number SPEN (internal) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCK (CPOL = 0) SCK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (from Master) MISO (from Slave) SS (to Slave) Capture point MSB MSB bit6 bit6 bit5 bit5 bit4 bit4 bit3 bit3 bit2 bit2 bit1 bit1 LSB LSB Figure 46. Data Transmission Format (CPHA = 1) SCK cycle number SPEN (internal) SCK (CPOL = 0) SCK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (from Master) MISO (from Slave) SS (to Slave) Capture point MSB MSB bit6 bit6 bit5 bit5 bit4 bit4 bit3 bit3 bit2 bit2 bit1 bit1 LSB LSB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 47. CPHA/SS Timing MISO/MOSI Master SS Slave SS (CPHA = 0) Slave SS (CPHA = 1) Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 As shown in Figure 46, the first SCK edge is the MSB capture strobe. Therefore the Slave must begin driving its data before the first SCK edge, and a falling edge on the SS pin is used to start the transmission. The SS pin must be toggled high and then low between each byte transmitted (Figure 43). Figure 47 shows an SPI transmission in which CPHA is'1'. In this case, the Master begins driving its MOSI pin on the first SCK edge. Therefore the Slave uses the first SCK edge as a start transmission signal. The SS pin can remain low between transmissions (Figure 42). This format may be preferable in systems having only one Master and only one Slave driving the MISO data line. 94 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Error Conditions Mode Fault (MODF) The following flags in the SPSTA signal SPI error conditions: Mode Fault error in Master mode SPI indicates that the level on the Slave Select (SS) pin is inconsistent with the actual mode of the device. MODF is set to warn that there may have a multi-master conflict for system control. In this case, the SPI system is affected in the following ways: * * * An SPI receiver/error CPU interrupt request is generated, The SPEN bit in SPCON is cleared. This disable the SPI, The MSTR bit in SPCON is cleared When SS DISable (SSDIS) bit in the SPCON register is cleared, the MODF flag is set when the SS signal becomes "0". However, as stated before, for a system with one Master, if the SS pin of the Master device is pulled low, there is no way that another Master attempt to drive the network. In this case, to prevent the MODF flag from being set, software can set the SSDIS bit in the SPCON register and therefore making the SS pin as a general-purpose I/O pin. Clearing the MODF bit is accomplished by a read of SPSTA register with MODF bit set, followed by a write to the SPCON register. SPEN Control bit may be restored to its original set state after the MODF bit has been cleared. Write Collision (WCOL) A Write Collision (WCOL) flag in the SPSTA is set when a write to the SPDAT register is done during a transmit sequence. WCOL does not cause an interruption, and the transfer continues uninterrupted. Clearing the WCOL bit is done through a software sequence of an access to SPSTA and an access to SPDAT. Overrun Condition An overrun condition occurs when the Master device tries to send several data bytes and the Slave devise has not cleared the SPIF bit issuing from the previous data byte transmitted. In this case, the receiver buffer contains the byte sent after the SPIF bit was last cleared. A read of the SPDAT returns this byte. All others bytes are lost. This condition is not detected by the SPI peripheral. Interrupts Two SPI status flags can generate a CPU interrupt requests: Table 73. SPI Interrupts Flag SPIF (SP Data Transfer) MODF (Mode Fault) Request SPI Transmitter Interrupt request SPI Receiver/Error Interrupt Request (if SSDIS = "0") Serial Peripheral data transfer flag, SPIF: This bit is set by hardware when a transfer has been completed. SPIF bit generates transmitter CPU interrupt requests. Mode Fault flag, MODF: This bit becomes set to indicate that the level on the SS is inconsistent with the mode of the SPI. MODF with SSDIS reset, generates receiver/error CPU interrupt requests. Figure 48 gives a logical view of the above statements. 95 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 48. SPI Interrupt Requests Generation SPIF SPI Transmitter CPU Interrupt Request SPI Receiver/Error CPU Interrupt Request SSDIS SPI CPU Interrupt Request MODF Registers There are three registers in the module that provide control, status and data storage functions. These registers are describes in the following paragraphs. * The Serial Peripheral Control Register does the following: - - - - - Selects one of the Master clock rates Configure the SPI module as Master or Slave Selects serial clock polarity and phase Enables the SPI module Frees the SS pin for a general-purpose Serial Peripheral Control Register (SPCON) Table 74 describes this register and explains the use of each bit. Table 74. SPCON Register 7 SPR2 Bit Number 7 6 SPEN 5 SSDIS 4 MSTR 3 CPOL 2 CPHA 1 SPR1 0 SPR0 Bit Mnemonic Description SPR2 Serial Peripheral Rate 2 Bit with SPR1 and SPR0 define the clock rate. Serial Peripheral Enable 6 SPEN Cleared to disable the SPI interface. Set to enable the SPI interface. SS Disable 5 SSDIS Cleared to enable SS in both Master and Slave modes. Set to disable SS in both Master and Slave modes. In Slave mode, this bit has no effect if CPHA = "0". Serial Peripheral Master 5 MSTR Cleared to configure the SPI as a Slave. Set to configure the SPI as a Master. Clock Polarity 4 CPOL Cleared to have the SCK set to "0" in idle state. Set to have the SCK set to "1" in idle state. Clock Phase 3 CPHA Cleared to have the data sampled when the SCK leaves the idle state (see CPOL). Set to have the data sampled when the SCK returns to idle state (see CPOL). 96 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description SPR2 SPR1 SPR0 Serial Peripheral Rate 2 SPR1 000Reserved 00 1FCLK PERIPH/4 010 FCLK PERIPH/8 011FCLK PERIPH/16 100FCLK PERIPH/32 1 SPR0 10 1FCLK PERIPH/64 110FCLK PERIPH/128 1 11Reserved Reset Value = 0001 0100b Not bit addressable Serial Peripheral Status Register (SPSTA) The Serial Peripheral Status Register contains flags to signal the following conditions: * * * Data transfer complete Write collision Inconsistent logic level on SS pin (mode fault error) Table 75 describes the SPSTA register and explains the use of every bit in the register. Table 75. SPSTA Register SPSTA - Serial Peripheral Status and Control register (0C4H) Table 1. 7 SPIF Bit Number 6 WCOL 5 SSERR 4 MODF 3 2 1 0 - Bit Mnemonic Description Serial Peripheral data transfer flag 7 SPIF Cleared by hardware to indicate data transfer is in progress or has been approved by a clearing sequence. Set by hardware to indicate that the data transfer has been completed. Write Collision flag 6 WCOL Cleared by hardware to indicate that no collision has occurred or has been approved by a clearing sequence. Set by hardware to indicate that a collision has been detected. Synchronous Serial Slave Error flag 5 SSERR Set by hardware when SS is deasserted before the end of a received data. Cleared by disabling the SPI (clearing SPEN bit in SPCON). Mode Fault 4 MODF Cleared by hardware to indicate that the SS pin is at appropriate logic level, or has been approved by a clearing sequence. Set by hardware to indicate that the SS pin is at inappropriate logic level. 3 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit 97 4338F-USB-08/07 Bit Number 2 Bit Mnemonic Description Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 1 - 0 - Reset Value = 00X0 XXXXb Not Bit addressable Serial Peripheral Data Register (SPDAT) The Serial Peripheral Data Register (Table 76) is a read/write buffer for the receive data register. A write to SPDAT places data directly into the shift register. No transmit buffer is available in this model. A Read of the SPDAT returns the value located in the receive buffer and not the content of the shift register. Table 76. SPDAT Register SPDAT - Serial Peripheral Data Register (0C5H) Table 2. 7 R7 6 R6 5 R5 4 R4 3 R3 2 R2 1 R1 0 R0 Reset Value = Indeterminate R7:R0: Receive data bits SPCON, SPSTA and SPDAT registers may be read and written at any time while there is no on-going exchange. However, special care should be taken when writing to them while a transmission is on-going: * * * * * Do not change SPR2, SPR1 and SPR0 Do not change CPHA and CPOL Do not change MSTR Clearing SPEN would immediately disable the peripheral Writing to the SPDAT will cause an overflow 98 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Two Wire Interface (TWI) This section describes the 2-wire interface. The 2-wire bus is a bi-directional 2-wire serial communication standard. It is designed primarily for simple but efficient integrated circuit (IC) control. The system is comprised of two lines, SCL (Serial Clock) and SDA (Serial Data) that carry information between the ICs connected to them. The serial data transfer is limited to 100 Kbit/s in standard mode. Various communication configuration can be designed using this bus. Figure 49 shows a typical 2-wire bus configuration. All the devices connected to the bus can be master and slave. Figure 49. 2-wire Bus Configuration device1 device2 device3 ... deviceN SCL SDA 99 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 50. Block Diagram 8 SSADR Address Register Input Filter SDA Output Stage Comparator SSDAT Shift Register ACK 8 Input Filter SCL Output Stage Timer 1 overflow SSCON Arbitration & Sink Logic Timing & Control logic FCLK PERIPH/4 Serial clock generator Interrupt Control Register 7 Status Bits Status Decoder SSCS Status Register 8 100 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 Internal Bus AT89C5131A-L Description The CPU interfaces to the 2-wire logic via the following four 8-bit special function registers: the Synchronous Serial Control register (SSCON; Table 86), the Synchronous Serial Data register (SSDAT; Table 87), the Synchronous Serial Control and Status register (SSCS; Table 88) and the Synchronous Serial Address register (SSADR Table 89). SSCON is used to enable the TWI interface, to program the bit rate (see Table 79), to enable slave modes, to acknowledge or not a received data, to send a START or a STOP condition on the 2-wire bus, and to acknowledge a serial interrupt. A hardware reset disables the TWI module. SSCS contains a status code which reflects the status of the 2-wire logic and the 2-wire bus. The three least significant bits are always zero. The five most significant bits contains the status code. There are 26 possible status codes. When SSCS contains F8h, no relevant state information is available and no serial interrupt is requested. A valid status code is available in SSCS one machine cycle after SI is set by hardware and is still present one machine cycle after SI has been reset by software. to Table 85. give the status for the master modes and miscellaneous states. SSDAT contains a byte of serial data to be transmitted or a byte which has just been received. It is addressable while it is not in process of shifting a byte. This occurs when 2-wire logic is in a defined state and the serial interrupt flag is set. Data in SSDAT remains stable as long as SI is set. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously shifted in; SSDAT always contains the last byte present on the bus. SSADR may be loaded with the 7-bit slave address (7 most significant bits) to which the TWI module will respond when programmed as a slave transmitter or receiver. The LSB is used to enable general call address (00h) recognition. Figure 51 shows how a data transfer is accomplished on the 2-wire bus. Figure 51. Complete Data Transfer on 2-wire Bus SDA MSB acknowledgement signal from receiver SCL S start condition 1 2 7 8 9 ACK 1 2 3-8 acknowledgement signal from receiver 9 ACK clock line held low while interrupts are serviced P stop condition The four operating modes are: * * * * Master Transmitter Master Receiver Slave transmitter Slave receiver Data transfer in each mode of operation is shown in Table to Table 85 and Figure 52. to Figure 55.. These figures contain the following abbreviations: S : START condition R : Read bit (high level at SDA) W: Write bit (low level at SDA) 101 4338F-USB-08/07 A: Acknowledge bit (low level at SDA) A: Not acknowledge bit (high level at SDA) Data: 8-bit data byte P : STOP condition In Figure 52 to Figure 55, circles are used to indicate when the serial interrupt flag is set. The numbers in the circles show the status code held in SSCS. At these points, a service routine must be executed to continue or complete the serial transfer. These service routines are not critical since the serial transfer is suspended until the serial interrupt flag is cleared by software. When the serial interrupt routine is entered, the status code in SSCS is used to branch to the appropriate service routine. For each status code, the required software action and details of the following serial transfer are given in Table to Table 85. Master Transmitter Mode In the master transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are transmitted to a slave receiver (Figure 52). Before the master transmitter mode can be entered, SSCON must be initialised as follows: Table 77. SSCON Initialization CR2 bit rate SSIE 1 STA 0 STO 0 SI 0 AA X CR1 bit rate CR0 bit rate CR0, CR1 and CR2 define the internal serial bit rate if external bit rate generator is not used. SSIE must be set to enable TWI. STA, STO and SI must be cleared. The master transmitter mode may now be entered by setting the STA bit. The 2-wire logic will now test the 2-wire bus and generate a START condition as soon as the bus becomes free. When a START condition is transmitted, the serial interrupt flag (SI bit in SSCON) is set, and the status code in SSCS will be 08h. This status must be used to vector to an interrupt routine that loads SSDAT with the slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+W). When the slave address and the direction bit have been transmitted and an acknowledgement bit has been received, SI is set again and a number of status code in SSCS are possible. There are 18h, 20h or 38h for the master mode and also 68h, 78h or B0h if the slave mode was enabled (AA=logic 1). The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status code is detailed in Table . This scheme is repeated until a STOP condition is transmitted. SSIE, CR2, CR1 and CR0 are not affected by the serial transfer and are referred to Table 7 to Table 11. After a repeated START condition (state 10h) the TWI module may switch to the master receiver mode by loading SSDAT with SLA+R. Master Receiver Mode In the master receiver mode, a number of data bytes are received from a slave transmitter (Figure 53). The transfer is initialized as in the master transmitter mode. When the START condition has been transmitted, the interrupt routine must load SSDAT with the 7-bit slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+R). The serial interrupt flag SI must then be cleared before the serial transfer can continue. When the slave address and the direction bit have been transmitted and an acknowledgement bit has been received, the serial interrupt flag is set again and a number of 102 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L status code in SSCS are possible. There are 40h, 48h or 38h for the master mode and also 68h, 78h or B0h if the slave mode was enabled (AA=logic 1). The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status code is detailed in Table . This scheme is repeated until a STOP condition is transmitted. SSIE, CR2, CR1 and CR0 are not affected by the serial transfer and are referred to Table 7 to Table 11. After a repeated START condition (state 10h) the TWI module may switch to the master transmitter mode by loading SSDAT with SLA+W. Slave Receiver Mode In the slave receiver mode, a number of data bytes are received from a master transmitter (Figure 54). To initiate the slave receiver mode, SSADR and SSCON must be loaded as follows: Table 78. SSADR: Slave Receiver Mode Initialization A6 A5 A4 A3 own slave address A2 A1 A0 GC The upper 7 bits are the address to which the TWI module will respond when addressed by a master. If the LSB (GC) is set the TWI module will respond to the general call address (00h); otherwise it ignores the general call address. Table 79. SSCON: Slave Receiver Mode Initialization CR2 bit rate SSIE 1 STA 0 STO 0 SI 0 AA 1 CR1 bit rate CR0 bit rate CR0, CR1 and CR2 have no effect in the slave mode. SSIE must be set to enable the TWI. The AA bit must be set to enable the own slave address or the general call address acknowledgement. STA, STO and SI must be cleared. When SSADR and SSCON have been initialised, the TWI module waits until it is addressed by its own slave address followed by the data direction bit which must be at logic 0 (W) for the TWI to operate in the slave receiver mode. After its own slave address and the W bit have been received, the serial interrupt flag is set and a valid status code can be read from SSCS. This status code is used to vector to an interrupt service routine.The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status code is detailed in Table . The slave receiver mode may also be entered if arbitration is lost while TWI is in the master mode (states 68h and 78h). If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, TWI module will return a not acknowledge (logic 1) to SDA after the next received data byte. While AA is reset, the TWI module does not respond to its own slave address. However, the 2-wire bus is still monitored and address recognition may be resume at any time by setting AA. This means that the AA bit may be used to temporarily isolate the module from the 2-wire bus. Slave Transmitter Mode In the slave transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are transmitted to a master receiver (Figure 55). Data transfer is initialized as in the slave receiver mode. When SSADR and SSCON have been initialized, the TWI module waits until it is addressed by its own slave address followed by the data direction bit which must be at logic 1 (R) for TWI to operate in the slave transmitter mode. After its own slave address and the R bit 103 4338F-USB-08/07 have been received, the serial interrupt flag is set and a valid status code can be read from SSCS. This status code is used to vector to an interrupt service routine. The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status code is detailed in Table . The slave transmitter mode may also be entered if arbitration is lost while the TWI module is in the master mode. If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, the TWI module will transmit the last byte of the transfer and enter state C0h or C8h. the TWI module is switched to the not addressed slave mode and will ignore the master receiver if it continues the transfer. Thus the master receiver receives all 1's as serial data. While AA is reset, the TWI module does not respond to its own slave address. However, the 2-wire bus is still monitored and address recognition may be resume at any time by setting AA. This means that the AA bit may be used to temporarily isolate the TWI module from the 2-wire bus. Miscellaneous States There are two SSCS codes that do not correspond to a define TWI hardware state (Table 85 ). These codes are discuss hereafter. Status F8h indicates that no relevant information is available because the serial interrupt flag is not set yet. This occurs between other states and when the TWI module is not involved in a serial transfer. Status 00h indicates that a bus error has occurred during a TWI serial transfer. A bus error is caused when a START or a STOP condition occurs at an illegal position in the format frame. Examples of such illegal positions happen during the serial transfer of an address byte, a data byte, or an acknowledge bit. When a bus error occurs, SI is set. To recover from a bus error, the STO flag must be set and SI must be cleared. This causes the TWI module to enter the not addressed slave mode and to clear the STO flag (no other bits in SSCON are affected). The SDA and SCL lines are released and no STOP condition is transmitted. Notes the TWI module interfaces to the external 2-wire bus via two port pins: SCL (serial clock line) and SDA (serial data line). To avoid low level asserting on these lines when the TWI module is enabled, the output latches of SDA and SLC must be set to logic 1. Table 80. Bit Frequency Configuration Bit Frequency ( kHz) CR2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 CR1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 CR0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 FOSCA= 12 MHz 47 53.5 62.5 75 100 200 FOSCA = 16 MHz 62.5 71.5 83 100 133.3 266.6 FOSCA divided by 256 224 192 160 Unused 120 60 Timer 1 in mode 2 can be used as TWI baudrate generator with the following formula: 96.(256-"Timer1 reload value") 1 1 1 0.5 <. < 62.5 0.67 <. < 83 104 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 52. Format and State in the Master Transmitter Mode MT Successfull transmission to a slave receiver S SLA W A Data A P 08h Next transfer started with a repeated start condition 18h 28h S SLA W 10h Not acknowledge received after the slave address A P R 20h Not acknowledge received after a data byte MR A P 30h Arbitration lost in slave address or data byte A or A Other master continues A or A Other master continues 38h Arbitration lost and addressed as slave 38h Other master continues A 68h 78h B0h To corresponding states in slave mode From master to slave From slave to master Data n A Any number of data bytes and their associated acknowledge bits This number (contained in SSCS) corresponds to a defined state of the 2-wire bus 105 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 81. Status in Master Transmitter Mode Application software response Status Code SSSTA 08h Status of the Twowire Bus and Twowire Hardware To SSCON To/From SSDAT SSSTA X SSSTO 0 SSI 0 SSAA X Next Action Taken by Two-wire Hardware SLA+W will be transmitted. SLA+W will be transmitted. SLA+R will be transmitted. Logic will switch to master receiver mode Data byte will be transmitted. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. Data byte will be transmitted. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. Data byte will be transmitted. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. Data byte will be transmitted. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. Two-wire bus will be released and not addressed slave mode will be entered. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free. A START condition has Write SLA+W been transmitted A repeated START condition has been transmitted Write SLA+W Write SLA+R X X 0 0 0 0 X X 10h Write data byte 18h SLA+W has been transmitted; ACK has been received No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X X X X Write data byte 20h SLA+W has been transmitted; NOT ACK has been received No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X X X X Write data byte 28h Data byte has been transmitted; ACK has been received No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X X X X Write data byte 30h Data byte has been transmitted; NOT ACK has been received No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X X X X 38h Arbitration lost in SLA+W or data bytes No SSDAT action No SSDAT action 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X 106 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 53. Format and State in the Master Receiver Mode MR Successfull transmission to a slave receiver S SLA R A Data A Data A P 08h Next transfer started with a repeated start condition 40h 50h 58h S SLA R 10h Not acknowledge received after the slave address A P W 48h MT Arbitration lost in slave address or acknowledge bit A or A Other master continues A Other master continues 38h Arbitration lost and addressed as slave 38h Other master continues A 68h 78h B0h To corresponding states in slave mode From master to slave From slave to master Data n A Any number of data bytes and their associated acknowledge bits This number (contained in SSCS) corresponds to a defined state of the 2-wire bus 107 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 82. Status in Master Receiver Mode Application software response Status Code SSSTA 08h Status of the Twowire Bus and Twowire Hardware To SSCON To/From SSDAT SSSTA X SSSTO 0 SSI 0 SSAA X Next Action Taken by Two-wire Hardware SLA+R will be transmitted. SLA+R will be transmitted. SLA+W will be transmitted. Logic will switch to master transmitter mode. Two-wire bus will be released and not addressed slave mode will be entered. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free. Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned. Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned. Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned. Repeated START will be transmitted. STOP condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. STOP condition followed by a START condition will be transmitted and SSSTO flag will be reset. A START condition has Write SLA+R been transmitted A repeated START condition has been transmitted Write SLA+R Write SLA+W X X 0 0 0 0 X X 10h 38h Arbitration lost in SLA+R or NOT ACK bit SLA+R has been transmitted; ACK has been received No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action No SSDAT action Read data byte Read data byte Read data byte Read data byte Read data byte 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X 0 1 X X X 0 1 X X X 40h 48h SLA+R has been transmitted; NOT ACK has been received 50h Data byte has been received; ACK has been returned 58h Data byte has been received; NOT ACK has been returned 108 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 54. Format and State in the Slave Receiver Mode Reception of the own slave address and one or more data bytes. All are acknowledged. S SLA W A Data A Data A P or S 60h 80h 80h A0h Last data byte received is not acknowledged. A P or S 88h Arbitration lost as master and addressed as slave A 68h Reception of the general call address and one or more data bytes. General Call A Data A Data A P or S 70h Last data byte received is not acknowledged. 90h 90h A0h A P or S 98h Arbitration lost as master and addressed as slave by general call A 78h From master to slave From slave to master Data n A Any number of data bytes and their associated acknowledge bits This number (contained in SSCS) corresponds to a defined state of the 2-wire bus 109 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 83. Status in Slave Receiver Mode Application Software Response Status Code (SSCS) To/from SSDAT Status of the 2-wire bus and 2-wire hardware Own SLA+W has been received; ACK has been returned Arbitration lost in SLA+R/W as master; own SLA+W has been received; ACK has been returned General call address has been received; ACK has been returned Arbitration lost in SLA+R/W as master; general call address has been received; ACK has been returned Previously addressed with own SLA+W; data has been received; ACK has been returned No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action STA X X To SSCON STO 0 0 SI 0 0 AA 0 1 Next Action Taken By 2-wire Software Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1 Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Data byte will be received and NOT ACK will be returned Data byte will be received and ACK will be returned 60h No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 68h No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 70h No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 78h No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 80h Read data byte or Read data byte or 88h Previously addressed with own SLA+W; data has been received; NOT ACK has been returned 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Read data byte or 1 0 0 0 Read data byte 1 0 0 1 90h Previously addressed with general call; data has been received; ACK has been returned Read data byte or Read data byte X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 110 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 83. Status in Slave Receiver Mode (Continued) Application Software Response Status Code (SSCS) To/from SSDAT Status of the 2-wire bus and 2-wire hardware STA To SSCON STO SI AA Next Action Taken By 2-wire Software Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1 Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1 Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Read data byte or Read data byte or 98h Previously addressed with general call; data has been received; NOT ACK has been returned 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Read data byte or 1 0 0 0 Read data byte 1 0 0 1 No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action or A0h A STOP condition or repeated START condition has been received while still addressed as slave 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 No SSDAT action or 1 0 0 0 No SSDAT action 1 0 0 1 111 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 55. Format and State in the Slave Transmitter Mode Reception of the S own slave address and one or more data bytes SLA R A Data A Data A P or S A8h B8h C0h Arbitration lost as master and addressed as slave A B0h Last data byte transmitted. Switched to not addressed slave (AA=0) A All 1's P or S C8h From master to slave From slave to master Data n A Any number of data bytes and their associated acknowledge bits This number (contained in SSCS) corresponds to a defined state of the 2-wire bus Table 84. Status in Slave Transmitter Mode Application Software Response Status Code (SSCS) To/from SSDAT Status of the 2-wire bus and 2-wire hardware Own SLA+R has been received; ACK has been returned Arbitration lost in SLA+R/W as master; own SLA+R has been received; ACK has been returned Data byte in SSDAT has been transmitted; NOT ACK has been received Load data byte or Load data byte STA X X To SSCON STO 0 0 SI 0 0 AA 0 1 Next Action Taken By 2-wire Software Last data byte will be transmitted and NOT ACK will be received Data byte will be transmitted and ACK will be received Last data byte will be transmitted and NOT ACK will be received Data byte will be transmitted and ACK will be received Last data byte will be transmitted and NOT ACK will be received Data byte will be transmitted and ACK will be received A8h Load data byte or Load data byte X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 B0h Load data byte or Load data byte X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 B8h 112 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 84. Status in Slave Transmitter Mode (Continued) Application Software Response Status Code (SSCS) To/from SSDAT Status of the 2-wire bus and 2-wire hardware STA To SSCON STO SI AA Next Action Taken By 2-wire Software Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1 Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1 Switched to the not addressed slave mode; no recognition of own SLA or GCA. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free Switched to the not addressed slave mode; own SLA will be recognised; GCA will be recognised if GC=logic 1. A START condition will be transmitted when the bus becomes free No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action or C0h Data byte in SSDAT has been transmitted; NOT ACK has been received 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 No SSDAT action or 1 0 0 0 No SSDAT action 1 0 0 1 No SSDAT action or No SSDAT action or C8h Last data byte in SSDAT has been transmitted (AA=0); ACK has been received 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 No SSDAT action or 1 0 0 0 No SSDAT action 1 0 0 1 Table 85. Miscellaneous Status Application Software Response To/from SSDAT STA No SSDAT action To SSCON Next Action Taken By 2-wire AA Software Status Code (SSCS) Status of the 2-wire bus and 2-wire hardware No relevant state information available; SI= 0 STO SI F8h No SSCON action Wait or proceed current transfer 00h Bus error due to an illegal START or STOP condition No SSDAT action 0 1 0 X Only the internal hardware is affected, no STOP condition is sent on the bus. In all cases, the bus is released and STO is reset. 113 4338F-USB-08/07 Registers Table 86. SSCON Register SSCON - Synchronous Serial Control Register (93h) 7 CR2 Bit Number 7 6 SSIE 5 STA 4 STO 3 SI 2 AA 1 CR1 0 CR0 Bit Mnemonic Description CR2 Control Rate bit 2 See . Synchronous Serial Interface Enable bit Clear to disable SSLC. Set to enable SSLC. Start flag Set to send a START condition on the bus. Stop flag Set to send a STOP condition on the bus. Synchronous Serial Interrupt flag Set by hardware when a serial interrupt is requested. Must be cleared by software to acknowledge interrupt. Assert Acknowledge flag Clear in master and slave receiver modes, to force a not acknowledge (high level on SDA). Clear to disable SLA or GCA recognition. Set to recognise SLA or GCA (if GC set) for entering slave receiver or transmitter modes. Set in master and slave receiver modes, to force an acknowledge (low level on SDA). This bit has no effect when in master transmitter mode. Control Rate bit 1 See Table 80 Control Rate bit 0 See Table 80 6 SSIE 5 STA 4 ST0 3 SI 2 AA 1 CR1 0 CR0 Table 87. SSDAT (095h) - Synchronous Serial Data Register (read/write) SD7 7 Bit Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 SD6 6 SD5 5 SD4 4 SD3 3 SD2 2 SD1 1 SD0 0 Bit Mnemonic Description SD7 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 SD2 Address bit 7 or Data bit 7. Address bit 6 or Data bit 6. Address bit 5 or Data bit 5. Address bit 4 or Data bit 4. Address bit 3 or Data bit 3. Address bit 2 or Data bit 2. 114 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Bit Number 1 0 Bit Mnemonic Description SD1 SD0 Address bit 1 or Data bit 1. Address bit 0 (R/W) or Data bit 0. Table 88. SSCS (094h) Read - Synchronous Serial Control and Status Register 7 SC4 Bit Number 0 1 2 3 6 SC3 5 SC2 4 SC1 3 SC0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Bit Mnemonic Description 0 0 0 SC0 Always zero Always zero Always zero Status Code bit 0 See Table 81 to Table 85 Status Code bit 1 See Table 81 to Table 85 Status Code bit 2 See Table 81 to Table 85 Status Code bit 3 See Table 81 to Table 85 Status Code bit 4 See Table 81 to Table 85 4 SC1 5 SC2 6 SC3 7 SC4 Table 89. SSADR (096h) - Synchronous Serial Address Register (read/write) 7 A7 Bit Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 A6 5 A5 4 A4 3 A3 2 A2 1 A1 0 A0 Bit Mnemonic Description A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 Slave address bit 7. Slave address bit 6. Slave address bit 5. Slave address bit 4. Slave address bit 3. Slave address bit 2. Slave address bit 1. General call bit Clear to disable the general call address recognition. Set to enable the general call address recognition. 0 GC 115 4338F-USB-08/07 USB Controller Description . The USB device controller provides the hardware that the AT89C5131 needs to interface a USB link to a data flow stored in a double port memory (DPRAM). The USB controller requires a 48 MHz 0.25% reference clock, which is the output of the AT89C5131 PLL (see Section "PLL", page 14) divided by a clock prescaler. This clock is used to generate a 12 MHz Full-speed bit clock from the received USB differential data and to transmit data according to full speed USB device tolerance. Clock recovery is done by a Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) block, which is compliant with the jitter specification of the USB bus. The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) block performs NRZI encoding and decoding, bit stuffing, CRC generation and checking, and the serial-parallel data conversion. The Universal Function Interface (UFI) realizes the interface between the data flow and the Dual Port RAM. Figure 56. USB Device Controller Block Diagram 48 MHz +/- 0.25% DPLL 12 MHz C51 Microcontroller Interface UFI Up to 48 MHz UC_sysclk SIE D+ D- USB D+/DBuffer 116 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Serial Interface Engine (SIE) The SIE performs the following functions: * * * * * * * Figure 57. SIE Block Diagram End of Packet Detection Start of Packet Detection NRZI `NRZ Bit Un-stuffing Packet Bit Counter NRZI data encoding and decoding. Bit stuffing and un-stuffing. CRC generation and checking. Handshakes. TOKEN type identifying. Address checking. Clock generation (via DPLL). SYNC Detection PID Decoder D+ D- Address Decoder DataOut 8 Serial to Parallel Conversion Clock Recovery SysClk (12 MHz) CRC5 and CRC16 Generation/Check USB Pattern Generator Parallel to Serial Converter Bit Stuffing NRZI Converter CRC16 Generator Clk48 (48 MHz) 8 DataIn [7:0] 117 4338F-USB-08/07 Function Interface Unit (FIU) The Function Interface Unit provides the interface between the AT89C5131 and the SIE. It manages transactions at the packet level with minimal intervention from the device firmware, which reads and writes the endpoint FIFOs. Figure 58. UFI Block Diagram FIU DPLL Asynchronous Information CSREG 0 to 7 Transfer Transfer Control Endpoint 6 Registers FSM Endpoint 5 Bank Endpoint 4 Endpoint 3 Endpoint 2 Endpoint 1 Endpoint 0 User DPRAM C51 Microcontroller Interface SIE DPR Control USB Side DPR Control mP side Up to 48 MHz UC_sysclk Figure 59. Minimum Intervention from the USB Device Firmware OUT Transactions: HOST UFI C51 OUT DATA0 (n bytes) ACK OUT interrupt C51 DATA1 NACK OUT DATA1 ACK Endpoint FIFO read (n bytes) IN Transactions: HOST UFI C51 IN NACK Endpoint FIFO write IN DATA1 IN DATA1 ACK interrupt C51 Endpoint FIFO write 118 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Configuration General Configuration * USB controller enable Before any USB transaction, the 48 MHz required by the USB controller must be correctly generated (See "Clock Controller" on page 13.). The USB controller will be then enabled by setting the EUSB bit in the USBCON register. * Set address After a Reset or a USB reset, the software has to set the FEN (Function Enable) bit in the USBADDR register. This action will allow the USB controller to answer to the requests sent at the address 0. When a SET_ADDRESS request has been received, the USB controller must only answer to the address defined by the request. The new address will be stored in the USBADDR register. The FEN bit and the FADDEN bit in the USBCON register will be set to allow the USB controller to answer only to requests sent at the new address. * Set configuration The CONFG bit in the USBCON register has to be set after a SET_CONFIGURATION request with a non-zero value. Otherwise, this bit has to be cleared. Endpoint Configuration * Selection of an Endpoint The endpoint register access is performed using the UEPNUM register. The registers - - - - - UEPSTAX UEPCONX UEPDATX UBYCTLX UBYCTHX These registers correspond to the endpoint whose number is stored in the UEPNUM register. To select an Endpoint, the firmware has to write the endpoint number in the UEPNUM register. Figure 60. Endpoint Selection Endpoint 0 UEPSTA0 UEPCON0 UEPDAT0 0 SFR registers 1 2 3 4 5 6 X UEPSTAX UEPCONX UEPDATX UBYCTH0 UBYCTL0 UBYCTHX UBYCTLX Endpoint 6 UEPSTA6 UEPCON6 UEPDAT6 UBYCTH6 UBYCTL6 UEPNUM 119 4338F-USB-08/07 * Endpoint enable Before using an endpoint, this one will be enabled by setting the EPEN bit in the UEPCONX register. An endpoint which is not enabled won't answer to any USB request. The Default Control Endpoint (Endpoint 0) will always be enabled in order to answer to USB standard requests. * Endpoint type configuration All Standard Endpoints can be configured in Control, Bulk, Interrupt or Isochronous mode. The Ping-pong Endpoints can be configured in Bulk, Interrupt or Isochronous mode. The configuration of an endpoint is performed by setting the field EPTYPE with the following values: - - - - Control:EPTYPE = 00b Isochronous:EPTYPE = 01b Bulk:EPTYPE = 10b Interrupt:EPTYPE = 11b The Endpoint 0 is the Default Control Endpoint and will always be configured in Control type. * Endpoint direction configuration For Bulk, Interrupt and Isochronous endpoints, the direction is defined with the EPDIR bit of the UEPCONX register with the following values: - - IN:EPDIR = 1b OUT:EPDIR = 0b For Control endpoints, the EPDIR bit has no effect. * Summary of Endpoint Configuration: Do not forget to select the correct endpoint number in the UEPNUM register before accessing to endpoint specific registers. Table 90. Summary of Endpoint Configuration Endpoint Configuration Disabled Control Bulk-in Bulk-out Interrupt-In Interrupt-Out Isochronous-In Isochronous-Out EPEN 0b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b EPDIR Xb Xb 1b 0b 1b 0b 1b 0b EPTYPE XXb 00b 10b 10b 11b 11b 01b 01b UEPCONX 0XXX XXXb 80h 86h 82h 87h 83h 85h 81h 120 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L * Endpoint FIFO reset Before using an endpoint, its FIFO will be reset. This action resets the FIFO pointer to its original value, resets the byte counter of the endpoint (UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers), and resets the data toggle bit (DTGL bit in UEPCONX). The reset of an endpoint FIFO is performed by setting to 1 and resetting to 0 the corresponding bit in the UEPRST register. For example, in order to reset the Endpoint number 2 FIFO, write 0000 0100b then 0000 0000b in the UEPRST register. Note that the endpoint reset doesn't reset the bank number for ping-pong endpoints. Read/Write Data FIFO FIFO Mapping Depending on the selected endpoint through the UEPNUM register, the UEPDATX register allows to access the corresponding endpoint data fifo. Figure 61. Endpoint FIFO Configuration Endpoint 0 UEPSTA0 UEPCON0 UEPDAT0 0 SFR registers 1 2 3 4 5 6 X UEPSTAX UEPCONX UEPDATX UBYCTH0 UBYCTL0 UBYCTHX UBYCTLX Endpoint 6 UEPSTA6 UEPCON6 UEPDAT6 UBYCTH6 UBYCTL6 UEPNUM Read Data FIFO The read access for each OUT endpoint is performed using the UEPDATX register. After a new valid packet has been received on an Endpoint, the data are stored into the FIFO and the byte counter of the endpoint is updated (UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers). The firmware has to store the endpoint byte counter before any access to the endpoint FIFO. The byte counter is not updated when reading the FIFO. To read data from an endpoint, select the correct endpoint number in UEPNUM and read the UEPDATX register. This action automatically decreases the corresponding address vector, and the next data is then available in the UEPDATX register. Write Data FIFO The write access for each IN endpoint is performed using the UEPDATX register. To write a byte into an IN endpoint FIFO, select the correct endpoint number in UEPNUM and write into the UEPDATX register. The corresponding address vector is automatically increased, and another write can be carried out. Warning 1: The byte counter is not updated. Warning 2: Do not write more bytes than supported by the corresponding endpoint. 121 4338F-USB-08/07 Bulk/Interrupt Transactions Bulk/Interrupt OUT Transactions in Standard Mode Bulk and Interrupt transactions are managed in the same way. Figure 62. Bulk/Interrupt OUT transactions in Standard Mode HOST OUT DATA0 (n bytes) UFI ACK RXOUTB0 C51 Endpoint FIFO read byte 1 OUT DATA1 NAK OUT DATA1 NAK OUT DATA1 ACK RXOUTB0 Endpoint FIFO read byte 1 Endpoint FIFO read byte n Clear RXOUTB0 Endpoint FIFO read byte 2 An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to receive Bulk or Interrupt packets. When a valid OUT packet is received on an endpoint, the RXOUTB0 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware has to select the corresponding endpoint, store the number of data bytes by reading the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers. If the received packet is a ZLP (Zero Length Packet), the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX register values are equal to 0 and no data has to be read. When all the endpoint FIFO bytes have been read, the firmware will clear the RXOUTB0 bit to allow the USB controller to accept the next OUT packet on this endpoint. Until the RXOUTB0 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the USB controller will answer a NAK handshake for each OUT requests. If the Host sends more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO, the overflow data won't be stored, but the USB controller will consider that the packet is valid if the CRC is correct and the endpoint byte counter contains the number of bytes sent by the Host. 122 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Bulk/Interrupt OUT Transactions in Ping-pong Mode Figure 63. Bulk/Interrupt OUT Transactions in Ping-pong Mode HOST OUT DATA0 (n Bytes) UFI ACK RXOUTB0 C51 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte 1 OUT DATA1 (m Bytes) ACK Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte 2 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte n Clear RXOUTB0 OUT DATA0 (p Bytes) ACK RXOUTB1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Read Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Read Byte 2 Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Read Byte m Clear RXOUTB1 RXOUTB0 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte 2 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Read Byte p Clear RXOUTB0 An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to receive Bulk or Interrupt packets. When a valid OUT packet is received on the endpoint bank 0, the RXOUTB0 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware has to select the corresponding endpoint, store the number of data bytes by reading the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers. If the received packet is a ZLP (Zero Length Packet), the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX register values are equal to 0 and no data has to be read. When all the endpoint FIFO bytes have been read, the firmware will clear the RXOUB0 bit to allow the USB controller to accept the next OUT packet on the endpoint bank 0. This action switches the endpoint bank 0 and 1. Until the RXOUTB0 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the USB controller will answer a NAK handshake for each OUT requests on the bank 0 endpoint FIFO. When a new valid OUT packet is received on the endpoint bank 1, the RXOUTB1 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware empties the bank 1 endpoint FIFO before clearing the RXOUTB1 bit. Until the RXOUTB1 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the USB controller will answer a NAK handshake for each OUT requests on the bank 1 endpoint FIFO. The RXOUTB0 and RXOUTB1 bits are alternatively set by the USB controller at each new valid packet receipt. The firmware has to clear one of these two bits after having read all the data FIFO to allow a new valid packet to be stored in the corresponding bank. A NAK handshake is sent by the USB controller only if the banks 0 and 1 has not been released by the firmware. If the Host sends more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO, the overflow data won't be stored, but the USB controller will consider that the packet is valid if the CRC is correct. 123 4338F-USB-08/07 Bulk/Interrupt IN Transactions in Standard Mode Figure 64. Bulk/Interrupt IN Transactions in Standard Mode HOST IN NAK UFI C51 Endpoint FIFO Write Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Write Byte 2 Endpoint FIFO Write Byte n Set TXRDY IN DATA0 (n Bytes) ACK TXCMPL Clear TXCMPL Endpoint FIFO Write Byte 1 An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to send Bulk or Interrupt packets. The firmware will fill the FIFO with the data to be sent and set the TXRDY bit in the UEPSTAX register to allow the USB controller to send the data stored in FIFO at the next IN request concerning this endpoint. To send a Zero Length Packet, the firmware will set the TXRDY bit without writing any data into the endpoint FIFO. Until the TXRDY bit has been set by the firmware, the USB controller will answer a NAK handshake for each IN requests. To cancel the sending of this packet, the firmware has to reset the TXRDY bit. The packet stored in the endpoint FIFO is then cleared and a new packet can be written and sent. When the IN packet has been sent and acknowledged by the Host, the TXCMPL bit in the UEPSTAX register is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO with new data. The firmware will never write more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO. All USB retry mechanisms are automatically managed by the USB controller. 124 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Bulk/Interrupt IN Transactions in Ping-pong Mode Figure 65. Bulk/Interrupt IN Transactions in Ping-pong Mode HOST IN UFI C51 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte 2 NACK Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte n Set TXRDY IN DATA0 (n Bytes) ACK Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Write Byte m TXCMPL Clear TXCMPL Set TXRDY IN DATA1 (m Bytes) ACK Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte 2 Endpoint FIFO Bank 0 - Write Byte p TXCMPL IN DATA0 (p Bytes) ACK Clear TXCMPL Set TXRDY Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Write Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Write Byte 1 Endpoint FIFO Bank 1 - Write Byte 2 An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to send Bulk or Interrupt packets. The firmware will fill the FIFO bank 0 with the data to be sent and set the TXRDY bit in the UEPSTAX register to allow the USB controller to send the data stored in FIFO at the next IN request concerning the endpoint. The FIFO banks are automatically switched, and the firmware can immediately write into the endpoint FIFO bank 1. When the IN packet concerning the bank 0 has been sent and acknowledged by the Host, the TXCMPL bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO bank 0 with new data. The FIFO banks are then automatically switched. When the IN packet concerning the bank 1 has been sent and acknowledged by the Host, the TXCMPL bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO bank 1 with new data. The bank switch is performed by the USB controller each time the TXRDY bit is set by the firmware. Until the TXRDY bit has been set by the firmware for an endpoint bank, the USB controller will answer a NAK handshake for each IN requests concerning this bank. Note that in the example above, the firmware clears the Transmit Complete bit (TXCMPL) before setting the Transmit Ready bit (TXRDY). This is done in order to avoid the firmware to clear at the same time the TXCMPL bit for bank 0 and the bank 1. The firmware will never write more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO. 125 4338F-USB-08/07 Control Transactions Setup Stage The DIR bit in the UEPSTAX register will be at 0. Receiving Setup packets is the same as receiving Bulk Out packets, except that the RXSETUP bit in the UEPSTAX register is set by the USB controller instead of the RXOUTB0 bit to indicate that an Out packet with a Setup PID has been received on the Control endpoint. When the RXSETUP bit has been set, all the other bits of the UEPSTAX register are cleared and an interrupt is triggered if enabled. The firmware has to read the Setup request stored in the Control endpoint FIFO before clearing the RXSETUP bit to free the endpoint FIFO for the next transaction. Data Stage: Control Endpoint Direction The data stage management is similar to Bulk management. A Control endpoint is managed by the USB controller as a full-duplex endpoint: IN and OUT. All other endpoint types are managed as half-duplex endpoint: IN or OUT. The firmware has to specify the control endpoint direction for the data stage using the DIR bit in the UEPSTAX register. The firmware has to use the DIR bit before data IN in order to meet the data-toggle requirements: * If the data stage consists of INs, the firmware has to set the DIR bit in the UEPSTAX register before writing into the FIFO and sending the data by setting to 1 the TXRDY bit in the UEPSTAX register. The IN transaction is complete when the TXCMPL has been set by the hardware. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before any other transaction. If the data stage consists of OUTs, the firmware has to leave the DIR bit at 0. The RXOUTB0 bit is set by hardware when a new valid packet has been received on the endpoint. The firmware must read the data stored into the FIFO and then clear the RXOUTB0 bit to reset the FIFO and to allow the next transaction. * To send a STALL handshake, see "STALL Handshake" on page 129. Status Stage The DIR bit in the UEPSTAX register will be reset at 0 for IN and OUT status stage. The status stage management is similar to Bulk management. * For a Control Write transaction or a No-Data Control transaction, the status stage consists of a IN Zero Length Packet (see "Bulk/Interrupt IN Transactions in Standard Mode" on page 124). To send a STALL handshake, see "STALL Handshake" on page 129. For a Control Read transaction, the status stage consists of a OUT Zero Length Packet (see "Bulk/Interrupt OUT Transactions in Standard Mode" on page 122). * 126 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Isochronous Transactions Isochronous OUT Transactions in Standard Mode An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to receive Isochronous packets. When a OUT packet is received on an endpoint, the RXOUTB0 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware has to select the corresponding endpoint, store the number of data bytes by reading the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers. If the received packet is a ZLP (Zero Length Packet), the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX register values are equal to 0 and no data has to be read. The STLCRC bit in the UEPSTAX register is set by the USB controller if the packet stored in FIFO has a corrupted CRC. This bit is updated after each new packet receipt. When all the endpoint FIFO bytes have been read, the firmware will clear the RXOUTB0 bit to allow the USB controller to store the next OUT packet data into the endpoint FIFO. Until the RXOUTB0 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the data sent by the Host at each OUT transaction will be lost. If the RXOUTB0 bit is cleared while the Host is sending data, the USB controller will store only the remaining bytes into the FIFO. If the Host sends more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO, the overflow data won't be stored, but the USB controller will consider that the packet is valid if the CRC is correct. Isochronous OUT Transactions in Ping-pong Mode An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to receive Isochronous packets. When a OUT packet is received on the endpoint bank 0, the RXOUTB0 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware has to select the corresponding endpoint, store the number of data bytes by reading the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX registers. If the received packet is a ZLP (Zero Length Packet), the UBYCTLX and UBYCTHX register values are equal to 0 and no data has to be read. The STLCRC bit in the UEPSTAX register is set by the USB controller if the packet stored in FIFO has a corrupted CRC. This bit is updated after each new packet receipt. When all the endpoint FIFO bytes have been read, the firmware will clear the RXOUB0 bit to allow the USB controller to store the next OUT packet data into the endpoint FIFO bank 0. This action switches the endpoint bank 0 and 1. Until the RXOUTB0 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the data sent by the Host on the bank 0 endpoint FIFO will be lost. If the RXOUTB0 bit is cleared while the Host is sending data on the endpoint bank 0, the USB controller will store only the remaining bytes into the FIFO. When a new OUT packet is received on the endpoint bank 1, the RXOUTB1 bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware empties the bank 1 endpoint FIFO before clearing the RXOUTB1 bit. Until the RXOUTB1 bit has been cleared by the firmware, the data sent by the Host on the bank 1 endpoint FIFO will be lost. The RXOUTB0 and RXOUTB1 bits are alternatively set by the USB controller at each new packet receipt. The firmware has to clear one of these two bits after having read all the data FIFO to allow a new packet to be stored in the corresponding bank. 127 4338F-USB-08/07 If the Host sends more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO, the overflow data won't be stored, but the USB controller will consider that the packet is valid if the CRC is correct. Isochronous IN Transactions in Standard Mode An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to send Isochronous packets. The firmware will fill the FIFO with the data to be sent and set the TXRDY bit in the UEPSTAX register to allow the USB controller to send the data stored in FIFO at the next IN request concerning this endpoint. If the TXRDY bit is not set when the IN request occurs, nothing will be sent by the USB controller. When the IN packet has been sent, the TXCMPL bit in the UEPSTAX register is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO with new data. The firmware will never write more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO Isochronous IN Transactions in Ping-pong Mode An endpoint will be first enabled and configured before being able to send Isochronous packets. The firmware will fill the FIFO bank 0 with the data to be sent and set the TXRDY bit in the UEPSTAX register to allow the USB controller to send the data stored in FIFO at the next IN request concerning the endpoint. The FIFO banks are automatically switched, and the firmware can immediately write into the endpoint FIFO bank 1. If the TXRDY bit is not set when the IN request occurs, nothing will be sent by the USB controller. When the IN packet concerning the bank 0 has been sent, the TXCMPL bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO bank 0 with new data. The FIFO banks are then automatically switched. When the IN packet concerning the bank 1 has been sent, the TXCMPL bit is set by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the TXCMPL bit before filling the endpoint FIFO bank 1 with new data. The bank switch is performed by the USB controller each time the TXRDY bit is set by the firmware. Until the TXRDY bit has been set by the firmware for an endpoint bank, the USB controller won't send anything at each IN requests concerning this bank. The firmware will never write more bytes than supported by the endpoint FIFO. 128 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Miscellaneous USB Reset The EORINT bit in the USBINT register is set by hardware when a End Of Reset has been detected on the USB bus. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. The USB controller is still enabled, but all the USB registers are reset by hardware. The firmware will clear the EORINT bit to allow the next USB reset detection. This function is only available for Control, Bulk, and Interrupt endpoints. The firmware has to set the STALLRQ bit in the UEPSTAX register to send a STALL handshake at the next request of the Host on the endpoint selected with the UEPNUM register. The RXSETUP, TXRDY, TXCMPL, RXOUTB0 and RXOUTB1 bits must be first reset to 0. The bit STLCRC is set at 1 by the USB controller when a STALL has been sent. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the STALLRQ and STLCRC bits after each STALL sent. The STALLRQ bit is cleared automatically by hardware when a valid SETUP PID is received on a CONTROL type endpoint. Important note: when a Clear Halt Feature occurs for an endpoint, the firmware will reset this endpoint using the UEPRST register in order to reset the data toggle management. Start of Frame Detection The SOFINT bit in the USBINT register is set when the USB controller detects a Start of Frame PID. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. The firmware will clear the SOFINT bit to allow the next Start of Frame detection. When receiving a Start of Frame, the frame number is automatically stored in the UFNUML and UFNUMH registers. The CRCOK and CRCERR bits indicate if the CRC of the last Start of Frame is valid (CRCOK set at 1) or corrupted (CRCERR set at 1). The UFNUML and UFNUMH registers are automatically updated when receiving a new Start of Frame. The Data Toggle bit is set by hardware when a DATA0 packet is received and accepted by the USB controller and cleared by hardware when a DATA1 packet is received and accepted by the USB controller. This bit is reset when the firmware resets the endpoint FIFO using the UEPRST register. For Control endpoints, each SETUP transaction starts with a DATA0 and data toggling is then used as for Bulk endpoints until the end of the Data stage (for a control write transfer). The Status stage completes the data transfer with a DATA1 (for a control read transfer). For Isochronous endpoints, the device firmware will ignore the data-toggle. STALL Handshake Frame Number Data Toggle Bit 129 4338F-USB-08/07 Suspend/Resume Management Suspend The Suspend state can be detected by the USB controller if all the clocks are enabled and if the USB controller is enabled. The bit SPINT is set by hardware when an idle state is detected for more than 3 ms. This triggers a USB interrupt if enabled. In order to reduce current consumption, the firmware can put the USB PAD in idle mode, stop the clocks and put the C51 in Idle or Power-down mode. The Resume detection is still active. The USB PAD is put in idle mode when the firmware clear the SPINT bit. In order to avoid a new suspend detection 3ms later, the firmware has to disable the USB clock input using the SUSPCLK bit in the USBCON Register. The USB PAD automatically exits of idle mode when a wake-up event is detected. The stop of the 48 MHz clock from the PLL should be done in the following order: 1. Clear suspend interrupt bit in USBINT (required to allow the USB pads to enter power down mode). 2. Enable USB resume interrupt. 3. Disable of the 48 MHz clock input of the USB controller by setting to 1 the SUSPCLK bit in the USBCON register. 4. Disable the PLL by clearing the PLLEN bit in the PLLCON register. 5. Make the CPU core enter power down mode by setting PDOWN bit in PCON. Resume When the USB controller is in Suspend state, the Resume detection is active even if all the clocks are disabled and if the C51 is in Idle or Power-down mode. The WUPCPU bit is set by hardware when a non-idle state occurs on the USB bus. This triggers an interrupt if enabled. This interrupt wakes up the CPU from its Idle or Power-down state and the interrupt function is then executed. The firmware will first enable the 48 MHz generation and then reset to 0 the SUSPCLK bit in the USBCON register if needed. The firmware has to clear the SPINT bit in the USBINT register before any other USB operation in order to wake up the USB controller from its Suspend mode. The USB controller is then re-activated. 130 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 66. Example of a Suspend/Resume Management USB Controller Init SPINT Detection of a SUSPEND State Clear SPINT Set SUSPCLK Disable PLL microcontroller in Power-down WUPCPU Detection of a RESUME State Enable PLL Clear SUSPCLK Clear WUPCPU Bit 131 4338F-USB-08/07 Upstream Resume A USB device can be allowed by the Host to send an upstream resume for Remote Wake Up purpose. When the USB controller receives the SET_FEATURE request: DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP, the firmware will set to 1 the RMWUPE bit in the USBCON register to enable this functionality. RMWUPE value will be 0 in the other cases. If the device is in SUSPEND mode, the USB controller can send an upstream resume by clearing first the SPINT bit in the USBINT register and by setting then to 1 the SDRMWUP bit in the USBCON register. The USB controller sets to 1 the UPRSM bit in the USBCON register. All clocks must be enabled first. The Remote Wake is sent only if the USB bus was in Suspend state for at least 5 ms. When the upstream resume is completed, the UPRSM bit is reset to 0 by hardware. The firmware will then clear the SDRMWUP bit. Figure 67. Example of REMOTE WAKEUP Management USB Controller Init SET_FEATURE: DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP Set RMWUPE SPINT Detection of a SUSPEND State Suspend Management Need USB Resume Enable Clocks Clear SPINT UPRSM = 1 UPRSM Upstream RESUME Sent Clear SDRMWUP Set SDMWUP 132 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Detach Simulation In order to be re-enumerated by the Host, the AT89C5131A-L has the possibility to simulate a DETACH - ATTACH of the USB bus. The VREF output voltage is between 3.0V and 3.6V. This output can be connected to the D+ pull-up as shown in Figure 68. This output can be put in high-impedance when the DETACH bit is set to 1 in the USBCON register. Maintaining this output in high impedance for more than 3 s will simulate the disconnection of the device. When resetting the DETACH bit, an attach is then simulated. Figure 68. Example of VREF Connection VREF 1.5 k 1 DD+ 2 3 4 VCC DD+ GND USB-B Connector AT89C5131 Figure 69. Disconnect Timing D+ VIHZ(min) VIL VSS D> = 2,5 s Device Disconnected Disconnect Detected USB Interrupt System Interrupt System Priorities Figure 70. USB Interrupt Control System D+ D- USB Controller EUSB IE1.6 00 01 10 11 EA IE0.7 Interrupt Enable IPH/L Priority Enable Lowest Priority Interrupts 133 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 91. Priority Levels IPHUSB 0 0 1 1 IPLUSB 0 1 0 1 USB Priority Level 0 1 2 3 Highest Lowest USB Interrupt Control System As shown in Figure 71, many events can produce a USB interrupt: * * * TXCMPL: Transmitted In Data (see Table 98 on page 141). This bit is set by hardware when the Host accept a In packet. RXOUTB0: Received Out Data Bank 0 (see Table 98 on page 141). This bit is set by hardware when an Out packet is accepted by the endpoint and stored in bank 0. RXOUTB1: Received Out Data Bank 1 (only for Ping-pong endpoints) (see Table 98 on page 141). This bit is set by hardware when an Out packet is accepted by the endpoint and stored in bank 1. RXSETUP: Received Setup (see Table 98 on page 141). This bit is set by hardware when an SETUP packet is accepted by the endpoint. STLCRC: STALLED (only for Control, Bulk and Interrupt endpoints) (see Table 98 on page 141). This bit is set by hardware when a STALL handshake has been sent as requested by STALLRQ, and is reset by hardware when a SETUP packet is received. SOFINT: Start of Frame Interrupt (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.). This bit is set by hardware when a USB Start of Frame packet has been received. WUPCPU: Wake-Up CPU Interrupt (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.). This bit is set by hardware when a USB resume is detected on the USB bus, after a SUSPEND state. SPINT: Suspend Interrupt (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.). This bit is set by hardware when a USB suspend is detected on the USB bus. * * * * * 134 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 71. USB Interrupt Control Block Diagram Endpoint X (X = 0..6) TXCMP UEPSTAX.0 RXOUTB0 UEPSTAX.1 RXOUTB1 UEPSTAX.6 RXSETUP UEPSTAX.2 STLCRC UEPSTAX.3 EPXINT UEPINT.X EPXIE UEPIEN.X WUPCPU USBINT.5 EWUPCPU USBIEN.5 EORINT USBINT.4 EEORINT USBIEN.4 SOFINT USBINT.3 ESOFINT USBIEN.3 SPINT USBINT.0 ESPINT USBIEN.0 EUSB IE1.6 135 4338F-USB-08/07 USB Registers Table 92. USBCON Register USBCON (S:BCh) USB Global Control Register 7 USBE Bit Number 6 SUSPCLK 5 SDRMWUP 4 DETACH 3 UPRSM 2 RMWUPE 1 CONFG 0 FADDEN Bit Mnemonic Description USB Enable Set this bit to enable the USB controller. Clear this bit to disable and reset the USB controller, to disable the USB transceiver an to disable the USB controller clock inputs. Suspend USB Clock Set this bit to disable the 48 MHz clock input (Resume Detection is still active). Clear this bit to enable the 48 MHz clock input. Send Remote Wake Up Set this bit to force an external interrupt on the USB controller for Remote Wake UP purpose. An upstream resume is send only if the bit RMWUPE is set, all USB clocks are enabled AND the USB bus was in SUSPEND state for at least 5 ms. See UPRSM below. This bit is cleared by software. Detach Command Set this bit to simulate a Detach on the USB line. The VREF pin is then in a floating state. Clear this bit to maintain VREF at high level. Upstream Resume (read only) This bit is set by hardware when SDRMWUP has been set and if RMWUPE is enabled. This bit is cleared by hardware after the upstream resume has been sent. Remote Wake-Up Enable Set this bit to enabled request an upstream resume signaling to the host. Clear this bit otherwise. Note: Do not set this bit if the host has not set the DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP feature for the device. Configured This bit will be set by the device firmware after a SET_CONFIGURATION request with a non-zero value has been correctly processed. It will be cleared by the device firmware when a SET_CONFIGURATION request with a zero value is received. It is cleared by hardware on hardware reset or when an USB reset is detected on the bus (SE0 state for at least 32 Full Speed bit times: typically 2.7 s). Function Address Enable This bit will be set by the device firmware after a successful status phase of a SET_ADDRESS transaction. It will not be cleared afterwards by the device firmware. It is cleared by hardware on hardware reset or when an USB reset is received (see above). When this bit is cleared, the default function address is used (0). 7 USBE 6 SUSPCLK 5 SDRMWUP 4 DETACH 3 UPRSM 2 RMWUPE 1 CONFG 0 FADDEN Reset Value = 00h 136 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 93. USBINT Register USBINT (S:BDh) USB Global Interrupt Register 7 - 6 - 5 WUPCPU 4 EORINT 3 SOFINT 2 - 1 - 0 SPINT Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7-6 Reserved The value read from these bits is always 0. Do not set these bits. 5 Wake Up CPU Interrupt This bit is set by hardware when the USB controller is in SUSPEND state and is re-activated by a non-idle signal FROM USB line (not by an upstream resume). WUPCPU This triggers a USB interrupt when EWUPCPU is set in Table 94 on page 138. When receiving this interrupt, user has to enable all USB clock inputs. This bit will be cleared by software (USB clocks must be enabled before). End Of Reset Interrupt This bit is set by hardware when a End Of Reset has been detected by the USB controller. This triggers a USB interrupt when EEORINT is set (see Figure 94 on page 138). This bit will be cleared by software. Start of Frame Interrupt This bit is set by hardware when an USB Start of Frame PID (SOF) has been detected. This triggers a USB interrupt when ESOFINT is set (see Table 94 on page 138). This bit will be cleared by software. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Suspend Interrupt This bit is set by hardware when a USB Suspend (Idle bus for three frame periods: a J state for 3 ms) is detected. This triggers a USB interrupt when ESPINT is set in see Table 94 on page 138. This bit will be cleared by software BEFORE any other USB operation to reactivate the macro. 4 EORINT 3 SOFINT 2 - 1 - 0 SPINT Reset Value = 00h 137 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 94. USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register 7 - 6 - 5 EWUPCPU 4 EEORINT 3 ESOFINT 2 - 1 - 0 ESPINT Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7-6 Reserved The value read from these bits is always 0. Do not set these bits. Enable Wake Up CPU Interrupt Set this bit to enable Wake Up CPU Interrupt. (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.) Clear this bit to disable Wake Up CPU Interrupt. Enable End Of Reset Interrupt Set this bit to enable End Of Reset Interrupt. (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.). This bit is set after reset. Clear this bit to disable End Of Reset Interrupt. Enable SOF Interrupt Set this bit to enable SOF Interrupt. (See "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138.). Clear this bit to disable SOF Interrupt. Reserved The value read from these bits is always 0. Do not set these bits. Enable Suspend Interrupt Set this bit to enable Suspend Interrupts (see the "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138). Clear this bit to disable Suspend Interrupts. 5 EWUPCPU 4 EEOFINT 3 ESOFINT 2 1 - 0 ESPINT Reset Value = 10h Table 95. USBADDR Register USBADDR (S:C6h) USB Address Register 7 FEN 6 UADD6 5 UADD5 4 UADD4 3 UADD3 2 UADD2 1 UADD1 0 UADD0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description Function Enable Set this bit to enable the address filtering function. Cleared this bit to disable the function. USB Address This field contains the default address (0) after power-up or USB bus reset. It will be written with the value set by a SET_ADDRESS request received by the device firmware. 7 FEN 6-0 UADD[6:0] Reset Value = 80h 138 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 96. UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number 7 Bit Number 7-4 6 Bit Mnemonic - 5 Description 4 - 3 EPNUM3 2 EPNUM2 1 EPNUM1 0 EPNUM0 Reserved The value read from these bits is always 0. Do not set these bits. Endpoint Number Set this field with the number of the endpoint which will be accessed when reading or writing to, UEPDATX Register UEPDATX (S:CFh) USB FIFO Data Endpoint X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number), UBYCTLX Register UBYCTLX (S:E2h) USB Byte Count Low Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number), UBYCTHX Register UBYCTHX (S:E3h) USB Byte Count High Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) or UEPCONX Register UEPCONX (S:D4h) USB Endpoint X Control Register. This value can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. 3-0 EPNUM[3:0] Reset Value = 00h 139 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 97. UEPCONX Register UEPCONX (S:D4h) USB Endpoint X Control Register 7 EPEN 6 Bit Mnemonic 5 - 4 - 3 DTGL 2 EPDIR 1 EPTYPE1 0 EPTYPE0 Bit Number Description Endpoint Enable Set this bit to enable the endpoint according to the device configuration. Endpoint 0 will always be enabled after a hardware or USB bus reset and participate in the device configuration. Clear this bit to disable the endpoint according to the device configuration. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Data Toggle (Read-only) This bit is set by hardware when a valid DATA0 packet is received and accepted. This bit is cleared by hardware when a valid DATA1 packet is received and accepted. Endpoint Direction Set this bit to configure IN direction for Bulk, Interrupt and Isochronous endpoints. Clear this bit to configure OUT direction for Bulk, Interrupt and Isochronous endpoints. This bit has no effect for Control endpoints. 7 EPEN 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 DTGL 2 EPDIR 1-0 Endpoint Type Set this field according to the endpoint configuration (Endpoint 0 will always be configured as control): EPTYPE[1:0] 00Control endpoint 01Isochronous endpoint 10Bulk endpoint 11Interrupt endpoint Note: 1. (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) Reset Value = 80h when UEPNUM = 0 (default Control Endpoint) Reset Value = 00h otherwise for all other endpoints 140 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 98. UEPSTAX (S:CEh) USB Endpoint X Status Register 7 DIR 6 RXOUTB1 Bit Mnemonic 5 STALLRQ 4 TXRDY 3 STL/CRC 2 RXSETUP 1 RXOUTB0 0 TXCMP Bit Number Description Control Endpoint Direction This bit is used only if the endpoint is configured in the control type (seeSection "UEPCONX Register UEPCONX (S:D4h) USB Endpoint X Control Register"). This bit determines the Control data and status direction. The device firmware will set this bit ONLY for the IN data stage, before any other USB operation. Otherwise, the device firmware will clear this bit. Received OUT Data Bank 1 for Endpoints 4, 5 and 6 (Ping-pong mode) This bit is set by hardware after a new packet has been stored in the endpoint FIFO data bank 1 (only in Ping-pong mode). Then, the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145) and all the following OUT packets to the endpoint bank 1 are rejected (NAK'ed) until this bit has been cleared, excepted for Isochronous Endpoints. This bit will be cleared by the device firmware after reading the OUT data from the endpoint FIFO. Stall Handshake Request Set this bit to request a STALL answer to the host for the next handshake.Clear this bit otherwise. For CONTROL endpoints: cleared by hardware when a valid SETUP PID is received. TX Packet Ready Set this bit after a packet has been written into the endpoint FIFO for IN data transfers. Data will be written into the endpoint FIFO only after this bit has been cleared. Set this bit without writing data to the endpoint FIFO to send a Zero Length Packet. This bit is cleared by hardware, as soon as the packet has been sent for Isochronous endpoints, or after the host has acknowledged the packet for Control, Bulk and Interrupt endpoints. When this bit is cleared, the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145). Stall Sent/CRC error flag - For Control, Bulk and Interrupt Endpoints: This bit is set by hardware after a STALL handshake has been sent as requested by STALLRQ. Then, the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145) It will be cleared by the device firmware. - For Isochronous Endpoints (Read-Only): This bit is set by hardware if the last received data is corrupted (CRC error on data). This bit is updated by hardware when a new data is received. Received SETUP This bit is set by hardware when a valid SETUP packet has been received from the host. Then, all the other bits of the register are cleared by hardware and the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145). It will be cleared by the device firmware after reading the SETUP data from the endpoint FIFO. Received OUT Data Bank 0 (see also RXOUTB1 bit for Ping-pong Endpoints) This bit is set by hardware after a new packet has been stored in the endpoint FIFO data bank 0. Then, the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145) and all the following OUT packets to the endpoint bank 0 are rejected (NAK'ed) until this bit has been cleared, excepted for Isochronous Endpoints. However, for control endpoints, an early SETUP transaction may overwrite the content of the endpoint FIFO, even if its Data packet is received while this bit is set. This bit will be cleared by the device firmware after reading the OUT data from the endpoint FIFO. Transmitted IN Data Complete This bit is set by hardware after an IN packet has been transmitted for Isochronous endpoints and after it has been accepted (ACK'ed) by the host for Control, Bulk and Interrupt endpoints. Then, the endpoint interrupt is triggered if enabled (see"UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register" on page 145). This bit will be cleared by the device firmware before setting TXRDY. 7 DIR 6 RXOUTB1 5 STALLRQ 4 TXRDY 3 STLCRC 2 RXSETUP 1 RXOUTB0 0 TXCMPL Reset Value = 00h 141 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 99. UEPDATX Register UEPDATX (S:CFh) USB FIFO Data Endpoint X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) 7 FDAT7 6 FDAT6 5 FDAT5 4 FDAT4 3 FDAT3 2 FDAT2 1 FDAT1 0 FDAT0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description Endpoint X FIFO data 7-0 FDAT[7:0] Data byte to be written to FIFO or data byte to be read from the FIFO, for the Endpoint X (see EPNUM). USB Endpoint Number) Reset Value = XXh Table 100. UBYCTLX Register UBYCTLX (S:E2h) USB Byte Count Low Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM 7 BYCT7 6 BYCT6 5 BYCT5 4 BYCT4 3 BYCT3 2 BYCT2 1 BYCT1 0 BYCT0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description Byte Count LSB Least Significant Byte of the byte count of a received data packet. The most significant part is provided by the UBYCTHX Register UBYCTHX (S:E3h) USB BYCT[7:0] Byte Count High Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) (see Figure 100 on page 142). This byte count is equal to the number of data bytes received after the Data PID. 7-0 (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) Reset Value = 00h 142 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 101. UBYCTHX Register UBYCTHX (S:E3h) USB Byte Count High Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 BYCT9 0 BYCT8 Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7-2 Reserved The value read from these bits is always 0. Do not set these bits. Byte Count MSB Most Significant Byte of the byte count of a received data packet. The Least significant part is provided by UBYCTLX Register UBYCTLX (S:E2h) USB Byte Count Low Register X (X = EPNUM set in UEPNUM Register UEPNUM (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) (see Figure 100 on page 142). 2-0 BYCT[10:8] (S:C7h) USB Endpoint Number) Reset Value = 00h 143 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 102. UEPRST Register UEPRST (S:D5h) USB Endpoint FIFO Reset Register 7 - 6 EP6RST 5 EP5RST 4 EP4RST 3 EP3RST 2 EP2RST 1 EP1RST 0 EP0RST Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7 Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Endpoint 6 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 5 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 4 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 3 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 2 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 1 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. Endpoint 0 FIFO Reset Set this bit and reset the endpoint FIFO prior to any other operation, upon hardware reset or when an USB bus reset has been received. Then, clear this bit to complete the reset operation and start using the FIFO. 6 EP6RST 5 EP5RST 4 EP4RST 3 EP3RST 2 EP2RST 1 EP1RST 0 EP0RST Reset Value = 00h 144 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 103. UEPINT Register UEPINT (S:F8h read-only) USB Endpoint Interrupt Register 7 - 6 EP6INT 5 EP5INT 4 EP4INT 3 EP3INT 2 EP2INT 1 EP1INT 0 EP0INT Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7 Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Endpoint 6 Interrupt 6 EP6INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 6. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP6IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 5 Interrupt 5 EP5INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 5. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP5IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 4 Interrupt 4 EP4INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 4. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP4IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 3 Interrupt 3 EP3INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 3. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP3IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 2 Interrupt 2 EP2INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 2. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP2IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 1 Interrupt 1 EP1INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 1. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP1IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Endpoint 0 Interrupt 0 EP0INT This bit is set by hardware when an endpoint interrupt source has been detected on the endpoint 0. The endpoint interrupt sources are in the UEPSTAX register and can be: TXCMP, RXOUTB0, RXOUTB1, RXSETUP or STLCRC. A USB interrupt is triggered when the EP0IE bit in the UEPIEN register is set. This bit is cleared by hardware when all the endpoint interrupt sources are cleared Reset Value = 00h 145 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 104. UEPIEN Register UEPIEN (S:C2h) USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable Register 7 - 6 EP6INTE 5 EP5INTE 4 EP4INTE 3 EP3INTE 2 EP2INTE 1 EP1INTE 0 EP0INTE Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7 Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Endpoint 6 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 5 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 4 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 3 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. Endpoint 0 Interrupt Enable Set this bit to enable the interrupts for this endpoint. Clear this bit to disable the interrupts for this endpoint. 6 EP6INTE 5 EP5INTE 4 EP4INTE 3 EP3INTE 2 EP2INTE 1 EP1INTE 0 EP0INTE Reset Value = 00h 146 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 105. UFNUMH Register UFNUMH (S:BBh, read-only) USB Frame Number High Register 7 Bit Number 6 Bit Mnemonic 5 CRCOK 4 CRCERR 3 - 2 FNUM10 1 FNUM9 0 FNUM8 Description Frame Number CRC OK This bit is set by hardware when a new Frame Number in Start of Frame Packet is received without CRC error. This bit is updated after every Start of Frame packet receipt. Important note: the Start of Frame interrupt is generated just after the PID receipt. Frame Number CRC Error This bit is set by hardware when a corrupted Frame Number in Start of Frame packet is received. This bit is updated after every Start of Frame packet receipt. Important note: the Start of Frame interrupt is generated just after the PID receipt. Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. 5 CRCOK 4 CRCERR 3 - 2-0 Frame Number FNUM[10:8] are the upper 3 bits of the 11-bit Frame Number (see the "UFNUML Register UFNUML (S:BAh, read-only) USB Frame Number Low Register" on FNUM[10:8] page 147). It is provided in the last received SOF packet (see SOFINT in the "USBIEN Register USBIEN (S:BEh) USB Global Interrupt Enable Register" on page 138). FNUM is updated if a corrupted SOF is received. Reset Value = 00h Table 106. UFNUML Register UFNUML (S:BAh, read-only) USB Frame Number Low Register 7 FNUM7 6 FNUM6 5 FNUM5 4 FNUM4 3 FNUM3 2 FNUM2 1 FNUM1 0 FNUM0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description Frame Number FNUM[7:0] are the lower 8 bits of the 11-bit Frame Number (See "UFNUMH FNUM[7:0] Register UFNUMH (S:BBh, read-only) USB Frame Number High Register" on page 147.). 7-0 Reset Value = 00h 147 4338F-USB-08/07 Reset Introduction The reset sources are: Power Management, Hardware Watchdog, PCA Watchdog and Reset input. Figure 72. Reset schematic Power Monitor Hardware Watchdog PCA Watchdog Internal Reset RST Reset Input The Reset input can be used to force a reset pulse longer than the internal reset controlled by the Power Monitor. RST input has a pull-up resistor allowing power-on reset by simply connecting an external capacitor to VSS as shown in Figure 73. Resistor value and input characteristics are discussed in the Section "DC Characteristics" of the AT89C5131A-L datasheet. Figure 73. Reset Circuitry and Power-On Reset VCC RST RRST + RST a. RST input circuitry To internal reset VSS b. Power-on Reset 148 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Reset Output As detailed in Section "Hardware Watchdog Timer", page 155, the WDT generates a 96clock period pulse on the RST pin. In order to properly propagate this pulse to the rest of the application in case of external capacitor or power-supply supervisor circuit, a 1 k resistor must be added as shown Figure 74. Figure 74. Recommended Reset Output Schematic VDD RST 1K RST AT89C5131A-M VSS + VSS To other on-board circuitry 149 4338F-USB-08/07 Power Monitor The POR/PFD function monitors the internal power-supply of the CPU core memories and the peripherals, and if needed, suspends their activity when the internal power supply falls below a safety threshold. This is achieved by applying an internal reset to them. By generating the Reset the Power Monitor insures a correct start up when AT89C5131 is powered up. Description In order to startup and maintain the microcontroller in correct operating mode, VCC has to be stabilized in the VCC operating range and the oscillator has to be stabilized with a nominal amplitude compatible with logic level VIH/VIL. These parameters are controlled during the three phases: power-up, normal operation and power going down. See Figure 75. Figure 75. Power Monitor Block Diagram VCC CPU core Power On Reset Power Fail Detect Voltage Regulator Regulated Supply Memories Peripherals XTAL1 (1) Internal Reset RST pin PCA Watchdog Hardware Watchdog Note: 1. Once XTAL1 High and low levels reach above and below VIH/VIL. a 1024 clock period delay will extend the reset coming from the Power Fail Detect. If the power falls below the Power Fail Detect threshold level, the Reset will be applied immediately. The Voltage regulator generates a regulated internal supply for the CPU core the memories and the peripherals. Spikes on the external Vcc are smoothed by the voltage regulator. 150 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L The Power fail detect monitor the supply generated by the voltage regulator and generate a reset if this supply falls below a safety threshold as illustrated in the Figure 76 below. Figure 76. Power Fail Detect Vcc t Reset Vcc When the power is applied, the Power Monitor immediately asserts a reset. Once the internal supply after the voltage regulator reach a safety level, the power monitor then looks at the XTAL clock input. The internal reset will remain asserted until the Xtal1 levels are above and below VIH and VIL. Further more. An internal counter will count 1024 clock periods before the reset is de-asserted. If the internal power supply falls below a safety level, a reset is immediately asserted. . 151 4338F-USB-08/07 Power Management Idle Mode An instruction that sets PCON.0 indicates that it is the last instruction to be executed before going into the Idle mode. In the Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to the interrupt, Timer, and Serial Port functions. The CPU status is preserved in its entirety: the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word, Accumulator and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The port pins hold the logical states they had at the time Idle was activated. ALE and PSEN hold at logic high level. There are two ways to terminate the Idle mode. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, terminating the Idle mode. The interrupt will be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device into idle. The flag bits GF0 and GF1 can be used to give an indication if an interrupt occurred during normal operation or during an Idle. For example, an instruction that activates Idle can also set one or both flag bits. When Idle is terminated by an interrupt, the interrupt service routine can examine the flag bits. The other way of terminating the Idle mode is with a hardware reset. Since the clock oscillator is still running, the hardware reset needs to be held active for only two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete the reset. Power-down Mode To save maximum power, a power-down mode can be invoked by software (refer to Table 13, PCON register). In power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked powerdown mode is the last instruction executed. The internal RAM and SFRs retain their value until the power-down mode is terminated. VCC can be lowered to save further power. Either a hardware reset or an external interrupt can cause an exit from powerdown. To properly terminate power-down, the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize. Only: * * * * external interrupt INT0, external interrupt INT1, Keyboard interrupt and USB Interrupt are useful to exit from power-down. For that, interrupt must be enabled and configured as level or edge sensitive interrupt input. When Keyboard Interrupt occurs after a power down mode, 1024 clocks are necessary to exit to power-down mode and enter in operating mode. Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin high completes the exit as detailed in Figure 77. When both interrupts are enabled, the oscillator restarts as soon as one of the two inputs is held low and power-down exit will be completed when the first input is released. In this case, the higher priority interrupt service routine is executed. Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put AT89C5131A-L into power-down mode. 152 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 77. Power-down Exit Waveform INT0 INT1 XTAL Active Phase Power-down Phase Oscillator restart Phase Active Phase Exit from power-down by reset redefines all the SFRs, exit from power-down by external interrupt does no affect the SFRs. Exit from power-down by either reset or external interrupt does not affect the internal RAM content. Note: If idle mode is activated with power-down mode (IDL and PD bits set), the exit sequence is unchanged, when execution is vectored to interrupt, PD and IDL bits are cleared and idle mode is not entered. This table shows the state of ports during idle and power-down modes. Table 107. State of Ports Mode Idle Program Memory Internal ALE 1 PSEN 1 PORT0 Port Data(1) Floating Port Data(1) Floating PORT1 Port Data Port Data Port Data Port Data PORT2 Port Data PORT3 Port Data PORTI2 Port Data Port Data Port Data Port Data Idle External 1 1 Address Port Data Power-down Internal 0 0 Port Data Port Data Power-down External 0 0 Port Data Port Data Note: 1. Port 0 can force a 0 level. A "one" will leave port floating. 153 4338F-USB-08/07 Registers Table 108. PCON Register PCON (S:87h) Power Control Register 7 SMOD1 6 SMOD0 5 4 POF 3 GF1 2 GF0 1 PD 0 IDL Bit Bit Number Mnemonic Description 7 SMOD1 Serial Port Mode bit 1 Set to select double baud rate in mode 1, 2 or 3. Serial Port Mode bit 0 Set to select FE bit in SCON register. Clear to select SM0 bit in SCON register Reserved The value read from this bit is always 0. Do not set this bit. Power-Off Flag Set by hardware when VCC rises from 0 to its nominal voltage. Can also be set by software. Clear to recognize next reset type. General-purpose Flag 1 Set by software for general-purpose usage. Cleared by software for general-purpose usage. General-purpose Flag 0 Set by software for general-purpose usage. Cleared by software for general-purpose usage. Power-down mode bit Set this bit to enter in power-down mode. Cleared by hardware when reset occurs. Idle mode bit Set this bit to enter in Idle mode. Cleared by hardware when interrupt or reset occurs. 6 SMOD0 5 - 4 POF 3 GF1 2 GF0 1 PD 0 IDL Reset Value = 10h 154 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Hardware Watchdog Timer The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situations where the CPU may be subjected to software upset. The WDT consists of a 14-bit counter and the WatchDog Timer ReSeT (WDTRST) SFR. The WDT is by default disabled from exiting reset. To enable the WDT, user must write 01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST, SFR location 0A6H. When WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the oscillator is running and there is no way to disable the WDT except through reset (either hardware reset or WDT overflow reset). When WDT overflows, it will drive an output RESET LOW pulse at the RST-pin. To enable the WDT, user must write 01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST, SFR location 0A6H. When WDT is enabled, the user needs to service it by writing to 01EH and 0E1H to WDTRST to avoid WDT overflow. The 14-bit counter overflows when it reaches 16383 (3FFFH) and this will reset the device. When WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the oscillator is running. This means the user must reset the WDT at least every 16383 machine cycle. To reset the WDT the user must write 01EH and 0E1H to WDTRST. WDTRST is a write only register. The WDT counter cannot be read or written. When WDT overflows, it will generate an output RESET pulse at the RST-pin. The RESET pulse duration is 96 x TCLK PERIPH, where TCLK PERIPH = 1/FCLK PERIPH. To make the best use of the WDT, it should be serviced in those sections of code that will periodically be executed within the time required to prevent a WDT reset. To have a more powerful WDT, a 27 counter has been added to extend the Time-out capability, ranking from 16 ms to 2s at FOSCA = 12 MHz. To manage this feature, refer to WDTPRG register description, Table 110. Table 109. WDTRST Register WDTRST - Watchdog Reset Register (0A6h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Using the WDT Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb Write only, this SFR is used to reset/enable the WDT by writing 01EH then 0E1H in sequence. 155 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 110. WDTPRG Register WDTPRG - Watchdog Timer Out Register (0A7h) 7 Bit Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic S2 S1 S0 WDT Time-out select bit 2 WDT Time-out select bit 1 WDT Time-out select bit 0 S2 S1 S0 Selected Time-out 0 0 0 16384x2^(214 - 1) machine cycles, 16.3 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 0 0 1 16384x2^(215 - 1) machine cycles, 32.7 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 0 1 0 16384x2^(216 - 1) machine cycles, 65.5 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 0 1 1 16384x2^(217 - 1) machine cycles, 131 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 1 0 0 16384x2^(218 - 1) machine cycles, 262 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 1 0 1 16384x2^(219 - 1) machine cycles, 542 ms at FOSC = 12 MHz 1 1 0 16384x2^(220 - 1) machine cycles, 1.05 s at FOSC = 12 MHz 1 1 1 16384x2^(221 - 1) machine cycles, 2.09 s at FOSC = 12 MHz 16384x2^S machine cycles Reserved The value read from this bit is undetermined. Do not try to set this bit. Description 6 5 4 3 2 S2 1 S1 0 S0 Reset value = XXXX X000 WDT During Power-down In Power-down mode the oscillator stops, which means the WDT also stops. While in Power-down mode the user does not need to service the WDT. There are 2 methods of and Idle exiting Power-down mode: by a hardware reset or via a level activated external interrupt which is enabled prior to entering Power-down mode. When Power-down is exited with hardware reset, servicing the WDT should occur as it normally should whenever the AT89C5131A-L is reset. Exiting Power-down with an interrupt is significantly different. The interrupt is held low long enough for the oscillator to stabilize. When the interrupt is brought high, the interrupt is serviced. To prevent the WDT from resetting the device while the interrupt pin is held low, the WDT is not started until the interrupt is pulled high. It is suggested that the WDT be reset during the interrupt service routine. To ensure that the WDT does not overflow within a few states of exiting of power-down, it is better to reset the WDT just before entering power-down. In the Idle mode, the oscillator continues to run. To prevent the WDT from resetting the AT89C5131A-L while in Idle mode, the user should always set up a timer that will periodically exit Idle, service the WDT, and re-enter Idle mode. 156 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L ONCE Mode (ON Chip Emulation) The ONCE mode facilitates testing and debugging of systems using AT89C5131A-L without removing the circuit from the board. The ONCE mode is invoked by driving certain pins of the AT89C5131A-L; the following sequence must be exercised: * * Pull ALE low while the device is in reset (RST high) and PSEN is high. Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated. While the AT89C5131A-L is in ONCE mode, an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit Table 111 shows the status of the port pins during ONCE mode. Normal operation is restored when normal reset is applied. Table 111. External Pin Status during ONCE Mode ALE Weak pull-up PSEN Weak pull-up Port 0 Float Port 1 Weak pull-up Port 2 Weak pull-up Port 3 Weak pull-up Port I2 Float XTAL1/2 Active 157 4338F-USB-08/07 Reduced EMI Mode The ALE signal is used to demultiplex address and data buses on port 0 when used with external program or data memory. Nevertheless, during internal code execution, ALE signal is still generated. In order to reduce EMI, ALE signal can be disabled by setting AO bit. The AO bit is located in AUXR register at bit location 0. As soon as AO is set, ALE is no longer output but remains active during MOVX and MOVC instructions and external fetches. During ALE disabling, ALE pin is weakly pulled high. Table 112. AUXR Register AUXR - Auxiliary Register (8Eh) 7 DPU Bit Number 6 Bit Mnemonic Description Disable Weak Pull Up 7 DPU Cleared to enabled weak pull up on standard Ports Set to disable weak pull up on standard Ports Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Pulse length 5 M0 Cleared to stretch MOVX control: the RD and the WR pulse length is 6 clock periods (default). Set to stretch MOVX control: the RD and the WR pulse length is 30 clock periods. 4 3 XRS1 Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. ERAM Size XRS1 0 0 1 1 XRS0 0 1 0 1 ERAM size 256 bytes 512 bytes 768 bytes 1024 bytes (default) 5 M0 4 3 XRS1 2 XRS0 1 EXTRAM 0 AO 6 - 2 XRS0 1 EXTRAM EXTRAM bit Cleared to access internal ERAM using MOVX at Ri at DPTR. Set to access external memory. ALE Output bit Cleared, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency (or 1/3 if X2 mode is used) (default). Set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction is used. 0 AO Reset Value = 0X0X 1100b Not bit addressable 158 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Ambient Temperature Under Bias: I = industrial ........................................................-40C to 85C Storage Temperature .................................... -65C to + 150C Voltage on VCC from VSS ......................................-0.5V to + 6V Voltage on Any Pin from VSS .....................-0.5V to VCC + 0.2V Note: Stresses at or above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may affect device reliability. DC Parameters TA = -40C to +85C; VSS = 0V; VCC = 3.3V 10%; F = 0 to 40 MHz Symbol VIL VIH VIH1 Parameter Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage except XTAL1, RST Input High Voltage, XTAL1, RST Min -0.5 0.2 VCC + 0.9 0.7 VCC Typ(5) Max 0.2Vcc - 0.1 VCC + 0.5 VCC + 0.5 0.3 VOL Output Low Voltage, ports 1, 2, 3 and 4(6) 0.45 1.0 0.3 VOL1 Output Low Voltage, port 0, ALE, PSEN (6) Unit V V V V V V V V V V V V Test Conditions IOL = 100 A(4) IOL = 0.8 mA(4) IOL = 1.6mA(4) IOL = 200 A(4) IOL = 1.6 mA(4) IOL = 3.5 mA(4) IOH = -10 A IOH = -30 A IOH = -60 A VCC = 3.3V 10% IOH = -200 A IOH = -1.6 mA IOH = -3.5 mA VCC = 3.3V 10% 0.45 1.0 VCC - 0.3 VOH Output High Voltage, ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 VCC - 0.7 VCC - 1.5 VCC - 0.3 VOH1 Output High Voltage, port 0, ALE, PSEN VCC - 0.7 VCC - 1.5 RRST IIL ILI ITL CIO IPD RST Pullup Resistor Logical 0 Input Current ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 Input Leakage Current Logical 1 to 0 Transition Current, ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 Capacitance of I/O Buffer Power-down Current Power Supply Current ICCOP = 0.4xF(MHz)+5 ICCIDLE = 0.3xF(MHz)+5 ICCwrite = 0.8xF(MHz)+15 VPFDP Power Fail High Level Threshold 3.0 50 100 200 -50 10 -650 V V V k A A A Vin = 0.45V 0.45V < Vin < VCC Vin = 2.0V Fc = 1 MHz TA = 25C 3.0V < VCC < 3.6V(3) VCC = 3.3V (1)(2) 10 100 pF A ICC V 159 4338F-USB-08/07 Symbol VPFDM Parameter Power Fail Low Level Threshold Power fail hysteresis VPFDP - VPFDM Min 2.2 0.15 Typ(5) Max Unit V V Test Conditions Notes: 1. Operating ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with TCLCH, TCHCL = 5 ns (see Figure 81.), VIL = VSS + 0.5V, VIH = VCC - 0.5V; XTAL2 N.C.; EA = RST = Port 0 = VCC. ICC would be slightly higher if a crystal oscillator used (see Figure 78.). 2. Idle ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with TCLCH, TCHCL = 5 ns, VIL = VSS + 0.5V, VIH = VCC 0.5V; XTAL2 N.C; Port 0 = VCC; EA = RST = VSS (see Figure 79). 3. Power-down ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; EA = VCC, PORT 0 = VCC; XTAL2 NC.; RST = VSS (see Figure 80.). In addition, the WDT must be inactive and the POF flag must be set. 4. Capacitance loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise pulses to be superimposed on the VOLS of ALE and Ports 1 and 3. The noise is due to external bus capacitance discharging into the Port 0 and Port 2 pins when these pins make 1 to 0 transitions during bus operation. In the worst cases (capacitive loading 100 pF), the noise pulse on the ALE line may exceed 0.45V with maxi VOL peak 0.6V. A Schmitt Trigger use is not necessary. 5. Typicals are based on a limited number of samples and are not guaranteed. The values listed are at room temperature. 6. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows: Maximum IOL per port pin: 10 mA Maximum IOL per 8-bit port: Port 0: 26 mA Ports 1, 2 and 3: 15 mA Maximum total IOL for all output pins: 71 mA If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed test conditions. Figure 78. ICC Test Condition, Active Mode VCC ICC VCC P0 RST (NC) CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS All other pins are disconnected. EA VCC 160 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Figure 79. ICC Test Condition, Idle Mode VCC ICC VCC VCC RST (NC) CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS All other pins are disconnected. P0 EA VCC Figure 80. ICC Test Condition, Power-down Mode VCC ICC VCC P0 VCC RST (NC) XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS All other pins are disconnected. EA VCC Figure 81. Clock Signal Waveform for ICC Tests in Active and Idle Modes VCC-0.5V 0.45V TCLCH TCHCL TCLCH = TCHCL = 5ns. 0.7VCC 0.2VCC-0.1 LED's Table 113. LED Outputs DC Parameters Symbol Parameter Min 1 IOL Output Low Current, P3.6 and P3.7 LED modes 2 5 Typ 2 4 10 Max 4 8 20 Unit mA mA mA Test Conditions 2 mA configuration 4 mA configuration 10 mA configuration Note: 1. (TA = -20C to +50C, VCC - VOL = 2 V 20%) 161 4338F-USB-08/07 USB DC Parameters 1 - VBUS 2-D3-D+ 4 - GND R 3 USB "B" Receptacle 4 1 2 VREF Rpad Rpad D+ D- R = 1.5 k Rpad = 27 Symbol VREF VIH VIHZ VIL VOH VOL Parameter USB Reference Voltage Input High Voltage for D+ and D- (Driven) Input High Voltage for D+ and D- (Floating) Input Low Voltage for D+ and DOutput High Voltage for D+ and DOutput Low Voltage for D+ and D- Min 3.0 2.0 2.7 Typ Max 3.6 Unit V V 3.6 0.8 V V V V 2.8 0.0 3.6 0.3 162 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L AC Parameters Explanation of the AC Symbols Each timing symbol has 5 characters. The first character is always a "T" (stands for time). The other characters, depending on their positions, stand for the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal. The following is a list of all the characters and what they stand for. Example:TAVLL = Time for Address Valid to ALE Low. TLLPL = Time for ALE Low to PSEN Low. TA = -40C to +85C; VSS = 0V; VCC = 3.3V 10%; F = 0 to 40 MHz. TA = -40C to +85C; VSS = 0V; VCC = 3.3V 10%. (Load Capacitance for port 0, ALE and PSEN = 60 pF; Load Capacitance for all other outputs = 60 pF.) Table 114, Table 117 and Table 120 give the description of each AC symbols. Table 115, Table 119 and Table 121 give for each range the AC parameter. Table 116, Table 119 and Table 122 give the frequency derating formula of the AC parameter for each speed range description. To calculate each AC symbols. take the x value and use this value in the formula. Example: TLLIV and 20 MHz, Standard clock. x = 30 ns T = 50 ns TCCIV = 4T - x = 170 ns External Program Memory Characteristics Table 114. Symbol Description Symbol T TLHLL TAVLL TLLAX TLLIV TLLPL TPLPH TPLIV TPXIX TPXIZ TAVIV TPLAZ Parameter Oscillator Clock Period ALE Pulse Width Address Valid to ALE Address Hold after ALE ALE to Valid Instruction In ALE to PSEN PSEN Pulse Width PSEN to Valid Instruction In Input Instruction Hold after PSEN Input Instruction Float after PSEN Address to Valid Instruction In PSEN Low to Address Float 163 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 115. AC Parameters for a Fix Clock (F = 40 MHz) Symbol T TLHLL TAVLL TLLAX TLLIV TLLPL TPLPH TPLIV TPXIX TPXIZ TAVIV TPLAZ 0 18 85 10 15 55 35 Min 25 40 10 10 70 Max Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Table 116. AC Parameters for a Variable Clock Symbol TLHLL TAVLL TLLAX TLLIV TLLPL TPLPH TPLIV TPXIX TPXIZ TAVIV TPLAZ Type Min Min Min Max Min Min Max Min Max Max Max Standard Clock 2T-x T-x T-x 4T-x T-x 3T-x 3T-x x T-x 5T-x x X2 Clock T-x 0.5 T - x 0.5 T - x 2T-x 0.5 T - x 1.5 T - x 1.5 T - x x 0.5 T - x 2.5 T - x x X Parameter 10 15 15 30 10 20 40 0 7 40 10 Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 164 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L External Program Memory Read Cycle 12 TCLCL TLHLL ALE TLLIV TLLPL TPLPH PSEN TLLAX TAVLL INSTR IN A0-A7 TAVIV PORT 2 ADDRESS OR SFR-P2 ADDRESS A8-A15 ADDRESS A8-A15 TPLIV TPLAZ TPXAV TPXIZ A0-A7 INSTR IN TPXIX INSTR IN PORT 0 External Data Memory Characteristics Table 117. Symbol Description Symbol TRLRH TWLWH TRLDV TRHDX TRHDZ TLLDV TAVDV TLLWL TAVWL TQVWX TQVWH TWHQX TRLAZ TWHLH Parameter RD Pulse Width WR Pulse Width RD to Valid Data In Data Hold After RD Data Float After RD ALE to Valid Data In Address to Valid Data In ALE to WR or RD Address to WR or RD Data Valid to WR Transition Data set-up to WR High Data Hold After WR RD Low to Address Float RD or WR High to ALE high 165 4338F-USB-08/07 Table 118. AC Parameters for a Variable Clock (F = 40 MHz) Symbol TRLRH TWLWH TRLDV TRHDX TRHDZ TLLDV TAVDV TLLWL TAVWL TQVWX TQVWH TWHQX TRLAZ TWHLH 10 50 75 10 160 15 0 40 0 30 160 165 100 Min 130 130 100 Max Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 166 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Table 119. AC Parameters for a Variable Clock Symbol TRLRH TWLWH TRLDV TRHDX TRHDZ TLLDV TAVDV TLLWL TLLWL TAVWL TQVWX TQVWH TWHQX TRLAZ TWHLH TWHLH Type Min Min Max Min Max Max Max Min Max Min Min Min Min Max Min Max Standard Clock 6T-x 6T-x 5T-x x 2T-x 8T-x 9T-x 3T-x 3T+x 4T-x T-x 7T-x T-x x T-x T+x X2 Clock 3T-x 3T-x 2.5 T - x x T-x 4T -x 4.5 T - x 1.5 T - x 1.5 T + x 2T-x 0.5 T - x 3.5 T - x 0.5 T - x x 0.5 T - x 0.5 T + x X Parameter 20 20 25 0 20 40 60 25 25 25 15 25 10 0 15 15 Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns External Data Memory Write Cycle ALE TWHLH PSEN TLLWL TWLWH WR TLLAX PORT 0 A0-A7 TAVWL PORT 2 ADDRESS OR SFR-P2 ADDRESS A8-A15 OR SFR P2 TQVWX TQVWH DATA OUT TWHQX 167 4338F-USB-08/07 External Data Memory Read Cycle TLLDV TWHLH ALE PSEN TLLWL TRLRH TRHDZ TRHDX DATA IN TRLAZ ADDRESS A8-A15 OR SFR P2 RD TAVDV TLLAX PORT 0 A0-A7 TAVWL PORT 2 ADDRESS OR SFR-P2 Serial Port Timing - Shift Register Mode Table 120. Symbol Description (F = 40 MHz) Symbol TXLXL TQVHX TXHQX TXHDX TXHDV Parameter Serial port clock cycle time Output data set-up to clock rising edge Output data hold after clock rising edge Input data hold after clock rising edge Clock rising edge to input data valid Table 121. AC Parameters for a Fix Clock (F = 40 MHz) Symbol TXLXL TQVHX TXHQX TXHDX TXHDV Min 300 200 30 0 117 Max Units ns ns ns ns ns Table 122. AC Parameters for a Variable Clock Symbol TXLXL TQVHX TXHQX TXHDX TXHDV Type Min Min Min Min Max Standard Clock 12 T 10 T - x 2T-x x 10 T - x X2 Clock 6T 5T-x T-x x 5 T- x 50 20 0 133 X Parameter for -M Range Units ns ns ns ns ns 168 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Shift Register Timing Waveform INSTRUCTION ALE TXLXL CLOCK TQVXH OUTPUT DATA WRITE to SBUF INPUT DATA CLEAR RI 0 TXHDV VALID VALID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TXHQX 1 2 TXHDX VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID 3 4 5 6 7 SET TI VALID SET RI External Clock Drive Characteristics (XTAL1) Table 123. AC Parameters Symbol TCLCL TCHCX TCLCX TCLCH TCHCL TCHCX/TCLCX Parameter Oscillator Period High Time Low Time Rise Time Fall Time Cyclic ratio in X2 mode 40 Min 21 5 5 5 5 60 Max Units ns ns ns ns ns % External Clock Drive Waveforms VCC-0.5V 0.45V 0.7VCC 0.2VCC-0.1 TCHCL TCLCX TCLCL TCHCX TCLCH AC Testing Input/Output Waveforms VCC -0.5V INPUT/OUTPUT 0.45V 0.2 VCC + 0.9 0.2 VCC - 0.1 AC inputs during testing are driven at VCC - 0.5 for a logic "1" and 0.45V for a logic "0". Timing measurement are made at VIH min for a logic "1" and VIL max for a logic "0". Float Waveforms FLOAT VOH - 0.1 V VOL + 0.1 V VLOAD VLOAD + 0.1 V VLOAD - 0.1 V 169 4338F-USB-08/07 For timing purposes as port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs and begins to float when a 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs. IOL/IOH 20 mA. 170 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Clock Waveforms STATE4 P1 P2 Valid in normal clock mode. In X2 mode XTAL2 must be changed to XTAL2/2. STATE5 P1 P2 STATE6 P1 P2 STATE1 P1 P2 STATE2 P1 P2 STATE3 P1 P2 STATE4 P1 P2 STATE5 P1 P2 INTERNAL CLOCK XTAL2 ALE EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY FETCH PSEN P0 DATA SAMPLED FLOAT PCL OUT DATA SAMPLED FLOAT THESE SIGNALS ARE NOT ACTIVATED DURING THE EXECUTION OF A MOVX INSTRUCTION PCL OUT DATA SAMPLED FLOAT PCL OUT P2 (EXT) READ CYCLE RD INDICATES ADDRESS TRANSITIONS PCL OUT (IF PROGRAM MEMORY IS EXTERNAL) P0 DPL OR Rt OUT DATA SAMPLED FLOAT P2 WRITE CYCLE INDICATES DPH OR P2 SFR TO PCH TRANSITION WR P0 P2 DPL OR Rt OUT DATA OUT PCL OUT (EVEN IF PROGRAM MEMORY IS INTERNAL) PCL OUT (IF PROGRAM MEMORY IS EXTERNAL) INDICATES DPH OR P2 SFR TO PCH TRANSITION PORT OPERATION MOV PORT SRC MOV DEST P0 MOV DEST PORT (P1. P2. P3) (INCLUDES INTO. INT1. TO T1) SERIAL PORT SHIFT CLOCK TXD (MODE 0) P1, P2, P3 PINS SAMPLED P1, P2, P3 PINS SAMPLED OLD DATA NEW DATA P0 PINS SAMPLED P0 PINS SAMPLED RXD SAMPLED RXD SAMPLED This diagram indicates when signals are clocked internally. The time it takes the signals to propagate to the pins, however, ranges from 25 to 125 ns. This propagation delay is dependent on variables such as temperature and pin loading. Propagation also varies from output to output and component. Typically though (TA = 25C fully loaded) RD and WR propagation delays are approximately 50 ns. The other signals are typically 85 ns. Propagation delays are incorporated in the AC specifications. 171 4338F-USB-08/07 Flash EEPROM Memory and Data EEPROM Memory Table 124. Timing Symbol Definitions Signals S (Hardware Condition) R B PSEN, EA RST FBUSY Flag L V X Conditions Low Valid No Longer Valid Table 125. Memory AC Timing VDD = 3.3V 10%, TA = -40 to +85C Symbol TSVRL TRLSX TBHBL TBHBL Parameter Input PSEN Valid to RST Edge Input PSEN Hold after RST Edge Flash EEPROM Internal Busy (Programming) Time EEPROM Data Internal Busy (Programming) Time Flash EEPROM program memory write cycles Configuration bits (fuses bits) memory write cycles (BLJB, X2, OSCON0, OSCON1) EEPROM Data memory write cycles Min 50 50 10 20 Typ Max Unit ns ns ms 10 20 ms 100K Cycles 1K 100K Cycles Cycles Figure 82. Flash Memory - ISP Waveforms RST TSVRL PSEN1 TRLSX Figure 83. Flash Memory - Internal Busy Waveforms FBUSY bit TBHBL 172 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L USB AC Parameters Rise Time 90% VCRS 10% Differential Data Lines tR 10% tF VLmax 90% Fall Time VHmin Table 126. USB AC Parameters Symbol tR tF tFDRATE VCRS tDJ1 tDJ2 tJR1 tJR2 Parameter Rise Time Fall Time Full-speed Data Rate Crossover Voltage Source Jitter Total to Next Transaction Source Jitter Total for Paired Transactions Receiver Jitter to Next Transaction Receiver Jitter for Paired Transactions Min 4 4 11.9700 1.3 -3.5 Typ Max 20 20 12.0300 2.0 3.5 Unit ns ns Mb/s V ns Test Conditions -4 4 ns -18.5 18.5 ns -9 9 ns SPI Interface AC Parameters Definition of Symbols Table 127. SPI Interface Timing Symbol Definitions Signals C I O Clock Data In Data Out H L V X Z Conditions High Low Valid No Longer Valid Floating 173 4338F-USB-08/07 Timings Test conditions: capacitive load on all pins= 50 pF. Table 128. SPI Interface Master AC Timing VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, TA = -40 to +85C Symbol Parameter Slave Mode TCHCH TCHCX TCLCX TSLCH, TSLCL TIVCL, TIVCH TCLIX, TCHIX TCLOV, TCHOV TCLOX, TCHOX TCLSH, TCHSH TSLOV TSHOX TSHSL TILIH TIHIL TOLOH TOHOL Clock Period Clock High Time Clock Low Time SS Low to Clock edge Input Data Valid to Clock Edge Input Data Hold after Clock Edge Output Data Valid after Clock Edge Output Data Hold Time after Clock Edge SS High after Clock Edge SS Low to Output Data Valid Output Data Hold after SS High SS High to SS Low Input Rise Time Input Fall Time Output Rise time Output Fall Time Master Mode TCHCH TCHCX TCLCX TIVCL, TIVCH TCLIX, TCHIX TCLOV, TCHOV TCLOX, TCHOX Clock Period Clock High Time Clock Low Time Input Data Valid to Clock Edge Input Data Hold after Clock Edge Output Data Valid after Clock Edge Output Data Hold Time after Clock Edge 0 4 2TPER-20 2TPER-20 50 50 20 TPER ns ns ns ns ns ns 2TPER+120 2 2 100 100 s s ns ns 0 0 4TPER+20 2TPER+100 2 0.8 0.8 100 50 50 50 TPER TPER TPER ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Min Max Unit Note: TPER is XTAL period when SPI interface operates in X2 mode or twice XTAL period when SPI interface operates in X1 mode. 174 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Waveforms Figure 84. SPI Slave Waveforms (CPHA= 0) SS (input) TSLCH TSLCL SCK (CPOL= 0) (input) SCK (CPOL= 1) (input) TSLOV MISO (output) SLAVE MSB OUT TIVCH TCHIX TIVCL TCLIX MOSI (input) MSB IN BIT 6 LSB IN TCHCH TCLCH TCLSH TCHSH TSHSL TCHCX TCLCX TCHCL TCLOV TCHOV BIT 6 TCLOX TCHOX SLAVE LSB OUT (1) TSHOX Note: 1. Not Defined but generally the MSB of the character which has just been received. Figure 85. SPI Slave Waveforms (CPHA= 1) SS (input) TSLCH TSLCL SCK (CPOL= 0) (input) SCK (CPOL= 1) (input) TSLOV MISO (output) (1) TCHCH TCLCH TCLSH TCHSH TSHSL TCHCX TCLCX TCHCL TCHOV TCLOV BIT 6 TCHOX TCLOX SLAVE LSB OUT TSHOX SLAVE MSB OUT TIVCH TCHIX TIVCL TCLIX MOSI (input) MSB IN BIT 6 LSB IN Note: 1. Not Defined but generally the LSB of the character which has just been received. 175 4338F-USB-08/07 Figure 86. SPI Master Waveforms (SSCPHA= 0) SS (output) TCHCH SCK (CPOL= 0) (output) SCK (CPOL= 1) (output) TCLCH TCHCX TCLCX TCHCL TIVCH TCHIX TIVCL TCLIX MSB IN BIT 6 TCLOV TCHOV LSB IN TCLOX TCHOX LSB OUT Port Data MOSI (input) MISO (output) Port Data MSB OUT BIT 6 Note: 1. SS handled by software using general purpose port pin. Figure 87. SPI Master Waveforms (SSCPHA= 1) SS(1) (output) TCHCH SCK (CPOL= 0) (output) SCK (CPOL= 1) (output) TCLCH TCHCX TCLCX TCHCL TIVCH TCHIX TIVCL TCLIX MOSI (input) MSB IN TCLOV BIT 6 TCLOX TCHOX BIT 6 LSB IN MISO (output) TCHOV Port Data MSB OUT LSB OUT Port Data SS handled by software using general purpose port pin. 176 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Ordering Information Table 129. Possible Order Entries Part Number AT89C5131A-RDTIL AT89C5131A-S3SIL AT89C5131A-TISIL Memory Size (Kbytes) 32 32 32 Supply Voltage 3.0 to 3.6V 3.0 to 3.6V 3.0 to 3.6V Temperature Range Industrial Industrial Industrial Package VQFP64 PLCC52 SO28 Packing Tray Stick Stick AT89C5131A-RDTUL AT89C5131A-S3SUL AT89C5131A-TISUL 32 32 32 3.0 to 3.6V 3.0 to 3.6V 3.0 to 3.6V Industrial & Green Industrial & Green Industrial & Green VQFP64 PLCC52 SO28 Tray Stick Stick Note: 1. Optional Packing and Package options (please consult Atmel sales representative): -Tape and Reel -Dry Pack -Known good dice 177 4338F-USB-08/07 Packaging Information 64-lead VQFP 178 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L 52-lead PLCC STANDARD NOTES FOR PLCC: 1/ CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS : INCHES 2/ DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y 14.5M - 1982. 3/ "D" AND "E1" DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20 mm (.008 INCH) PER SIDE. 179 4338F-USB-08/07 28-lead SO 180 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Document Revision History Changes from 4338D - 09/05 to 4338E - 06/06 Changes from 4338E - 06/06 to 4338F - 08/07 1. Correction to Figure 4 on page 11. 1. Hardware Conditions section Page 45 changed to recommend the use of 1K pull-up between PSEN and GND in ISP mode. 2. Updated 52-lead PLCC package. 181 4338F-USB-08/07 Features................................................................................................. 1 Description ............................................................................................ 2 Block Diagram....................................................................................... 3 Pinout Description ................................................................................ 4 Pinout.................................................................................................................... 4 Signals .................................................................................................................. 6 Typical Application ............................................................................. 11 Recommended External components................................................................. 11 PCB Recommandations ..................................................................................... 12 Clock Controller.................................................................................. 13 Introduction ......................................................................................................... Oscillator............................................................................................................. PLL ..................................................................................................................... Registers............................................................................................................. 13 13 14 16 SFR Mapping ....................................................................................... 18 Dual Data Pointer Register ................................................................ 25 Program/Code Memory ...................................................................... 27 External Code Memory Access .......................................................................... Flash Memory Architecture................................................................................. Overview of FM0 Operations .............................................................................. Registers............................................................................................................. 27 28 29 35 Flash EEPROM Memory ..................................................................... 36 General Description ............................................................................................ Features.............................................................................................................. Flash Programming and Erasure........................................................................ Flash Registers and Memory Map...................................................................... Flash Memory Status.......................................................................................... Memory Organization ......................................................................................... 36 36 36 37 40 40 EEPROM Data Memory....................................................................... 41 Description.......................................................................................................... Write Data in the Column Latches ...................................................................... Programming ...................................................................................................... Read Data........................................................................................................... Registers............................................................................................................. 41 41 41 41 42 In-System Programming (ISP) ........................................................... 43 182 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L Flash Programming and Erasure........................................................................ Boot Process ...................................................................................................... Application-Programming-Interface .................................................................... XROW Bytes....................................................................................................... Hardware Conditions .......................................................................................... 43 44 45 45 45 On-chip Expanded RAM (ERAM)....................................................... 47 Timer 2 ................................................................................................. 50 Auto-reload Mode ............................................................................................... 50 Programmable Clock Output .............................................................................. 51 Programmable Counter Array (PCA) ................................................ 55 PCA Capture Mode............................................................................................. 16-bit Software Timer/Compare Mode................................................................ High Speed Output Mode ................................................................................... Pulse Width Modulator Mode.............................................................................. PCA Watchdog Timer ......................................................................................... 62 62 63 64 65 Serial I/O Port ...................................................................................... 66 Framing Error Detection ..................................................................................... Automatic Address Recognition.......................................................................... Baud Rate Selection for UART for Mode 1 and 3............................................... UART Registers.................................................................................................. 66 67 69 72 Interrupt System ................................................................................. 76 Overview............................................................................................................. 76 Registers............................................................................................................. 77 Interrupt Sources and Vector Addresses............................................................ 84 Keyboard Interface ............................................................................. 85 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 85 Description.......................................................................................................... 85 Registers............................................................................................................. 86 Programmable LED ............................................................................ 89 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ........................................................ 90 Features.............................................................................................................. 90 Signal Description............................................................................................... 90 Functional Description ........................................................................................ 92 Two Wire Interface (TWI).................................................................... 99 Description........................................................................................................ 101 Notes ................................................................................................................ 104 Registers........................................................................................................... 114 183 4338F-USB-08/07 USB Controller .................................................................................. 116 Description........................................................................................................ Configuration .................................................................................................... Read/Write Data FIFO ...................................................................................... Bulk/Interrupt Transactions............................................................................... Control Transactions......................................................................................... Isochronous Transactions................................................................................. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................... Suspend/Resume Management ....................................................................... Detach Simulation............................................................................................. USB Interrupt System ....................................................................................... USB Registers .................................................................................................. 116 119 121 122 126 127 129 130 133 133 136 Reset .................................................................................................. 148 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 148 Reset Input ....................................................................................................... 148 Reset Output..................................................................................................... 149 Power Monitor................................................................................... 150 Description........................................................................................................ 150 Power Management .......................................................................... 152 Idle Mode .......................................................................................................... 152 Power-down Mode............................................................................................ 152 Registers........................................................................................................... 154 Hardware Watchdog Timer .............................................................. 155 Using the WDT ................................................................................................. 155 WDT During Power-down and Idle ................................................................... 156 ONCE Mode (ON Chip Emulation)................................................... 157 Reduced EMI Mode........................................................................... 158 Electrical Characteristics................................................................. 159 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................. DC Parameters ................................................................................................. USB DC Parameters......................................................................................... AC Parameters ................................................................................................. USB AC Parameters......................................................................................... SPI Interface AC Parameters ........................................................................... 159 159 162 163 173 173 Ordering Information ........................................................................ 177 Packaging Information ..................................................................... 178 64-lead VQFP ................................................................................................... 178 52-lead PLCC ................................................................................................... 179 184 AT89C5131A-L 4338F-USB-08/07 AT89C5131A-L 28-lead SO........................................................................................................ 180 Document Revision History ............................................................. 181 Changes from 4338D - 09/05 to 4338E - 06/06................................................ 181 Changes from 4338E - 06/06 to 4338F - 08/07 ................................................ 181 185 4338F-USB-08/07 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 Biometrics/Imaging/Hi-Rel MPU/ High Speed Converters/RF Datacom Avenue de Rochepleine BP 123 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00 Fax: (33) 4-76-58-34-80 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00 Fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Scottish Enterprise Technology Park Maxwell Building East Kilbride G75 0QR, Scotland Tel: (44) 1355-803-000 Fax: (44) 1355-242-743 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN ATMEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE LOCATED ON ATMEL'S WEB SITE, ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Unless specifically providedotherwise, Atmel products are not suitable for, and shall not be used in, automotive applications. Atmel'sAtmel's products are not intended, authorized, or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life. (c) Atmel Corporation 2007. All rights reserved. Atmel (R), logo and combinations thereof, are registered trademarks, and Everywhere You Are (R) are the trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. Printed on recycled paper. 4338F-USB-08/07 /xM |
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